政府產業創新政策對企業智慧資本累積與經營積效之影響－以研發及人才培訓為例

Abstract

有鑑於政府產業創新政策會影響公部門之資源配置，而獎勵企業之研發及人才培訓，可降低企業投資之成本或直接分攤企業投入之資金，誘發企業投資之意願，進而增加企業之研發能量，提升員工之專業智識、能力與經驗，促成企業智慧資本之累積，提升企業之經營績效，並強化產業及國家競爭力。惟過去研究忽略政府產業創新政策扮演企業經營績效提升之干擾效果，本研究為彌補此方面文獻之不足，乃針對我國1,467家上市櫃公司進行問卷調查，以政府產業創新政策為干擾變數，透過迴歸分析驗證政府產業創新政策對企業研發及人才培訓與經營績效之影響。本研究發現，除研發「投資抵減」租稅獎勵，對於企業研發與財務績效之干擾效果不顯著外，其他獎勵措施對於財務及非財務績效皆存在顯著之干擾效果；此外，人才培訓租稅獎勵對於企業人才培訓與經營績效之干擾效果皆不顯著，而非租稅獎勵唯有在大規模企業，方存在顯著之干擾效果。是故建議企業應善用政府之產業創新政策，持續投入研發及人才培訓，同時建議政府應具體明確定義研發之範疇，並納入研發「增額」投資抵減，且保留「加速折舊」租稅獎勵，此外，應持續提供專案補助及融資優惠之獎勵、簡化獎勵之申請程序、建立公平客觀的審查機制、對中小企業宜採分級輔導策略，以收政策之成效。

The industrial innovation policy of the government could have an impact on the allocation of public sector resources, whereas enterprise R & D incentives and personnel training could reduce investment costs or apportion the invested funding of enterprises, and induce the willingness of enterprises to make investments. Incentives for R & D and personnel training in turn could increase enterprise R & D capability; improve the professional knowledge, abilities, and experience of personnel; facilitate the enterprise in the accumulation of intellectual capital; promote company performance; and strengthen the competitiveness of the industry and the nation. However, the moderating effect of government industrial innovation policy on enterprise performance has been neglected in past studies. To compensate for the inadequacy of the literature in this regard, we conduct a questionnaire survey of 1,467 TSE/OTC listed companies and conduct regression analysis of the moderating effect of government industrial innovation policy, to validate its impact on company R & D, personnel training, and performance. The results of this study indicate that except for the R & D investment tax credit, all other R & D incentives have a significant moderating effect on financial and non-financial performance. In addition, the moderating effect of tax incentives on enterprise personnel training and performance is insignificant, and the moderating effect of non-tax incentives is significant only in large enterprises. Therefore, enterprises are suggested to take advantage of government industrial innovation policy and continue with R & D and personnel training; it is also suggested that the government specifically define the scope of R & D, include R & D incremental tax credits, and preserve the accelerated depreciation of tax incentives. Additionally, the government is suggested to continue with project grants and financial concessions, simplify the application procedure for incentives, establish an impartial and objective examination mechanism, and should provide counseling strategies adequate to different levels of small- and medium-sized enterprises to achieve policy effectiveness.