标题: | 冷链作业风险评估之研究 |
作者: | 胡宽裕 Institute of Business and Management 经营管理研究所 |
关键字: | 冷链物流;风险评估;食品安全;专家系统;失效模式与效应分析;Cold Chain Logistics;Risk Assessment;Food Safety;Expert System;Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
公开日期: | 2014 |
摘要: | 随着贸易全球化与消费者对于食品的安全与品质高度重视,复杂与长距离的物流过程,对于易腐保鲜商品的品质与安全,形成重大挑战,促使冷链物流(cold chain logistics;CCL)受到学术界与产业界的重视。CCL中潜藏许多危害因子与风险,如何在物流过程中确保商品品质,事前的风险鉴别与管理,对冷链绩效为一非常重要议题,而以往非常少研究针对此议题,进行探索研究。本研究整合失效模式与效应分析(dailure mode and effect analysis;FMEA)与专家系统,建立两阶段风险评估模式,第一阶段为风险鉴别,运用FMEA分析工具,系统性鉴别冷链物流失效模式与其产生效应,进而应用特性要因图解析失效原因;第二阶段为风险推论,将所鉴别失效模式,依其发生的严重度、发生度与侦测度三项指标,透过本研究建立的风险推论专家系统,推论失效模式风险优先指数(risk priority number;RPN),以提供一个精确的风险评估模式。本研究以生鲜食品冷链,进行实际案例探讨,研究结果共鉴别出35项风险失效模式,其中温度失控、延迟配送与资讯整合不佳为最严重的失效模式;随着国际环保趋势要求,节能与碳排放议题亦被鉴别为潜在风险。相较于传统以质性或量化的风险评估方法,本研究发展风险评估专家系统,可提供一个精确与主动的冷链物流风险评估,对于资源有限的组织,可以在有限的资源下,提供冷链物流风险,经济有效的管理。 With the rapid growth of global trade and increasingly high consumer expectations of food safety and quality, maintaining freshness during long-distance distribution of perishable goods is an important topic. In recent years, the key drivers of cold chain logistics (CCL) have received increasing attention from both academics and industry managers. The cold chain is a special type of supply chain that links parties with numerous embedded risks across the entire supply chain. Risk assessment plays a crucial role in improving the performance of cold chain logistics. However, very little literature has been devoted to exploring this vital issue. To address this research gap, the current study integrated failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and risk inference expert systems to develop a two stage risk assessment model. The first stage systematically identified potential risks in CCL, employing the FMEA method. Further applying Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram analysis causes for every identified failure mode were documented. The second stage evaluated risk by using a risk inference expert system, developed in this study, to obtain the risk priority number (RPN). The RPN of a given failure mode was evaluated using three indexes: degree of severity, frequency of occurrence, and chance of detection. Finally, a fresh food supply chain was used to demonstrate the proposed model. Thirty-five failure modes were identified in the sample cold chain. The most serious failure modes included: temperature out of control, delivery delay, and poor integration of chain. Notably, the issue of environmental consciousness, related to energy saving and carbon emissions, was also identified in this study. In contrast to the traditional risk assessment model, the current study provides an accurate proactive method of assessing high-risk events in uncertain environments for CCL. This approach enables firms to expend resources focusing on high risk events, rather than across the spectrum of potential events, thus achieving increased economic efficiencies. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11536/132363 |
期刊: | 管理与系统 Journal of Management and Systems |
Volume: | 21 |
Issue: | 1 |
起始页: | 139 |
结束页: | 160 |
显示于类别: | Journal of Management and System |
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