Parallel DSMC method using dynamic domain decomposition

Abstract

A general parallel direct simulation Monte Carlo method using unstructured mesh is introduced, which incorporates a multi-level graph-partitioning technique to dynamically decompose the computational domain. The current DSMC method is implemented on an unstructured mesh using particle ray-tracing technique, which takes the advantages of the cell connectivity information. In addition, various strategies applying the stop at rise (SAR) (IEEE Trans Comput 1988; 39:1073-1087) scheme is studied to determine how frequent the domain should be re-decomposed. A high-speed, bottom-driven cavity flow, including small, medium and large problems, based on the number of particles and cells, are simulated. Corresponding analysis of parallel performance is reported on IBM-SP2 parallel machine up to 64 processors. Analysis shows that degree of imbalance among processors with dynamic load balancing is about 1/6 - 1/2 of that without dynamic load balancing. Detailed time analysis shows that degree of imbalance levels off very rapidly at a relatively low value with increasing number of processors when applying dynamic load balancing, which makes the large problem size fairly scalable for processors more than 64. In general, optimal frequency of activating SAR scheme decreases with problem size. At the end, the method is applied to compute two two-dimensional hypersonic flows, a three-dimensional hypersonic flow and a three-dimensional near-continuum twin-jet gas flow to demonstrate its superior computational capability and compare with experimental data and previous simulation data wherever available. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley A Sons, Ltd.