客語復興與小學母語教育：新竹市三民國小準語言巢之行動研究

Abstract

根據客家委員會幾次調查顯示，客語傳承顯然面臨重大問題，而且未來30年很可能是扭轉其趨勢的最後關鍵世代。原本母語之傳承其關鍵在於家庭與社區，當前客語傳承卻面臨二者之失能，乃將客語之傳承訴諸學校且置重點於小學。本論文透過行動研究在新竹市東區三民國小建構準語言巢，營造客語生活化的環境，進而提升孩童的客語能力。筆者即準語言巢的主要建構者，研究對象為五年級共16個孩童，而孩童家長及其他教師人員則為協同研究的夥伴。經104學年度上下學期共八個月、五個階段研究期間，筆者運用每日軼事省思紀錄、家長每週回饋單、各式訪談等資料做為檢討改正的依據，而每個階段的進展，都會根據前一次的問題與策略再做調整，經由不斷的反思與修正後，孩童的客語能力確實被不斷的提升之下，最終整理出建構準語言巢的運作模式。本論文的成果如下： ㄧ、建構準語言巢以提升孩童的客語能力。 二、從準語言巢延伸到家庭。 三、提供建構準語言巢的模式。 同時，透過本論文所獲得的知識與經驗，提供政府部門、學校及教師相關建議；最後，並展望在客家人口重點發展區擴大準語言巢實驗，以期客語成為區域性教學語言。

According to the investigations of Hakka Committee these years, the fate of Taiwan Hakka Language passing on to future generations is facing a crisis. The coming thirty years will be the key generation for reversing this trend. Learning of Mother tongue is naturally progressing in family and community. Since both are malfunctional, the duty is thus laid on primary schools. In light of this, this study aims to construct a quasi kohanga reo through action research on San Min Primary School in the eastern district Hsinchu City in order to create a Hakka learning environment and elevate students’ Hakka literacy. Research targets focus on 16 children in school at grade five, coordinated by their parents and other teachers. This study lasted for eight months in School Year 104, consisting of five phases. Reflective records of anecdotes, weekly parents’ feedback forms and interviews were used as the basis of reviews. Modification and modulation were continually conducted in each phase according to prior problems and strategies. By using constant reflection and reviews, students’ Hakka literacy was found to enhance greatly, and the mode for constructing a quasi kohanga reo was also developed. Experimental results are concluded as follows: 1. Constructing a quasi kohanga reo to elevate students’ Hakka language literacy 2. Extending the quasi kohanga reo to families 3. Providing a mode for constructing a quasi kohanga reo Hopefully this research can offer related suggestions to our government, schools and teachers. And to expand the quasi kohanga reo experiments prospectivelly at major Kakka population development areas, in expectation of the Hakka language to be turnned into a regional teaching language.