工具、工序與認知–屠宰場牲口管理者行為序列中的經濟動物生命跡象

Abstract

本論文探討不同團體中的人，在不同心理間距下與經濟動物間的關係。主要討論屠宰場屠夫及其與經濟動物的關係。我藉由田野觀察，探討在特定行為序列中，屠夫如何形成看待動物的方式，在一連串的工序與工具限定的姿態中，屠夫逐漸形成不同認知模式，此模式的特徵為相對固著。

人與動物間關係在學術中，已經存在幾種理論論述，例如動物解放及動物權等觀點。本文試圖整理兩種論述之下的動物生命議題，以此確立論文主題於知識脈絡中的位置，但本文不主張以動物解放或給予動物權利，以改善人與動物間關係。本論文意圖提出在心理間距與認知差異下，人對特定動物生理特徵進行揀選或強化，被操控的生理特徵，成為了可被消費的動物生命跡象。由此，在各種情境之下，人多只指認動物生命跡象且與之互動，談不上與動物生命互動。屠夫與經濟動物的關係，與其說是人與動物生命的關係，更不如說是工序中的姿態與動物生命跡象的關係。

最後，本論文於第四章深入分析可殺的動物生命跡象。探討在人與動物生命跡象互動的過程中，不只不同的動物生命跡象不斷切割、取代動物生命的樣態，人在當中也逐漸形成認知差異，最後使得動物生命逐步成為「可殺的屬性」。

This thesis is about the human- animal relationship, it is about butcher’s relationship with pigs in a slaughterhouse.

People who belong to vary social groups have different psychic distances with others and animals, therefore the relationship could be formed differently. From the field work, I discover how the butchers, under the limitation of procedures and choice of tools, by following a behavior sequence; form a way to see animals which makes them seeing only animal vital signs. Animal vital signs in most cases are qualities or characters of animals. When butchers’ constantly recognizing animal vital sign instead of animal lives, a specific recognition has been formed and it is relatively fixed.

The human-animal relationship is a trending topic for scholars. As Peter Singer accusing all human as Speciesism and Tim Reagan elaborate about the justice of giving the animal its Right, the thesis questions the two contexts and disagrees with both as a method to improve human-animal lives relationship.

Human has been enhancing or manipulating particular animal vital signs in which making the vital signs consumable. Based on the fixed interaction, the butcher-animal relationship is merely a human posture - animal vital signs relationship.

In chapter four, this thesis concludes that in the recognition of butchers, animal lives in discussion are now merely animal vital signs. While the recognition of butchers gradually changes, it is the same route to make animal vital signs killable which cause animal lives being mistaken as killable.