從中西翻譯理論詮釋鍾肇政短篇小說英譯本

Abstract

戰後跨語第一代的客籍作家鍾肇政是「台灣文學之母」，彭瑞金曾盛讚他是台灣文學的傳燈者。他以短篇小說開啟了寫作生涯，以大河之作成為評論者的關注焦點。他的作品之豐少有人與之匹敵，長篇之作充滿濃厚國家認同與台灣意識之間的矛盾與糾結 ; 短篇小說則具有實驗性與現代感，這也展現鍾肇政文學的多樣性。 2012年客委會為推動客家事務，贊助翻譯出版《鍾肇政集》，由中央社前董事長洪健昭及三位輔仁大學翻譯所的學生共同翻譯。Lefevere認為是贊助的客委會與譯者洪健昭決定了讀者看到甚麼。從我的研究中我以讀者的身分進入鍾肇政文學，以洪健昭的譯本檢視譯者的翻譯所達到的效果，雖然譯者相關的評論文獻上付之闕如，但透過余國藩翻譯《西遊記》與傅雷重譯《高老頭》的心得，以李繼宏的話來說可以窺知「就文學翻譯而言，至少是就經典文學的翻譯而言，決定譯本質量最重要的因素，卻是譯者對原著的研究程度。」譯者洪健昭主張翻譯文學作品要精準掌握作者創作的原意，要保留住原作品的原味。這與劉靖之對於翻譯文學的目標在於達到「形神兼備」一致。英譯本是否成功的將原著忠實地呈現在英語讀者面前，我從譯本所達到的效果「形似」與「神似」兩面向在文字上的精確度與文化的意涵對等上的表現來探討。 本論文對譯本與原文鉅細靡遺的對照所發現的翻譯問題，若能成為有志從事現代台灣文學翻譯者參考，該也是本論文唯一有貢獻的地方。同時我希望贊助者客委會能完成最後的幾步路，也就是蒐羅讀者的評論與迴響作為借鏡，對譯者與贊助者而言可以因此有所反省而反饋到下次的譯作上，對於讀者可以藉此做深入的閱讀。而客委會讓世界看見客家也終能實現。

Chung Chao-cheng, one of the first generation cross-language writer after the Second War, is called "Mother of Taiwan literature". Peng Jui-chin hailed him as " Lamp transmission of Taiwan literature ." Few of novelists in Taiwan can match his abundant works, and his "Roman-Fleuve" is a prime example. It becomes the focus of critics. Looking back at his novelettes, they opened his writing career but caught little attention. That is because their themes are not filled with a strong national identity and the contradiction from Taiwan ideology, like his Roman-Fleuve. However, the literary diversity, both experimental and contemporary, is revealed in his novelettes. In 2012, Hakka Affairs Council sponsored the translation and publication of Chung Chao-cheng’s Anthology of Short Stories for promoting Hakka Affairs. Joe Hung, the former Chairman of Central News Agency, translated six works and other three were translated by Fu Jen Catholic University students. With Lefevere’s theory on literary sponsors, both translators and sponsoring Authorities decide what readers read. That is the same as Chung Chao-cheng’s other translation works. There are no comments either on the translator or on his translations. By analysis of the comments on Yu Kao Fan and his translation The Journey to the West and Fu Lei’s retranslation Le Père Goriot , we can understand the relation between translators and translations by using Li Ji-hong’s words : “The factor which decides the literary translation good or not, especially in the classical literature, is how deep the translators involve in the original work.” Whether Joe Hung’s translation is successful or not, I judge its effect on formal and spiritual similarity. This paper focuses on translation accuracy in words and the cultural meaning coincidence between the translation and the original works. That means what effect the translation makes --- formal similarity or spiritual similarity. I hope I will do some contribution to those interested in modern Taiwan literature translation. I hope the sponsoring authority would go forward by collecting readers’ comments to have “the world see the Hakka” come true.