台灣電力公司供電區域的供電效率分析

Abstract

本研究針對台灣地區的供電效率探討，從台灣電力公司之營運數據分析其供電效率高低之別，提供經營決策之參考。本研究採資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis)及柏瑞圖分析(Pareto Analysis)做為研究方法，將台電各區營業處之供電範圍內的全年平均停電時間(SAIDI)與全年平均停電次數(SAIFI)之原因繪製柏瑞圖(Pareto Chart)據以比較分析，並將相對重要的關鍵因素列為優先改善項目，並佐以不可分割非意欲產出(Non-Separable Undesirable Output) DEA模型所計算出的營運效率，以作為各區營業處在供電可靠度及經營效率上改進的參考。本研究結果顯示，24個區營業處經營效率僅為0.432及0.431，究其原因係台灣電力公司為公營事業，負有政策供電責任與促進社會福祉之義務，使投入供電設備之成本高於售電量所帶來的收益。另針對停電原因之柏拉圖分析，全年平均停電時間、全年平均停電次數皆以台電為首位因素之區處為：基隆、北市、彰化、高雄、北南。其中三個區營業處身處人口密集之直轄市轄區，台電公司可針對停電原因深入分析並提出改善措施，以提升供電穩定度及用戶滿意度。

This study uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Pareto analysis to evaluate the power supply efficiency of distribution areas of Taiwan Power Company. The Pareto Chart is also applied to analyze the causes of System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). We then rank the efficiency of business management of 24 branches, take the fixed assets for power supply as the inputs, and the electricity selling as the output, and System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) as the undesirable outputs. The average efficiencies of 24 management branches are 0.432 in 2014 and 0.431 in 2015, indicating that Taiwan Power Company still has much room to improve. Due to taking the responsibility for maximize the social welfare and stabilize electricity supply, Taiwan Power Company may not put the profit as priority. The Pareto analysis is also applied to analyze causes of incidents, in order to provide references to improve power supply stability.