東南亞國協航空產業的營運效率

Abstract

東協國家透過空運貿易和投資促進了區域內經濟整合的發展，以吸引更多旅客運用該地區的空運服務，使得航空業和新航空公司在這個地區不斷增長。本論文應用資料包絡分析法（DEA）模型，測量總合及分項投入效率，及拔靴法（Bootstrapping）來探索2010-2014年15家東協航空公司的營運效率。為了洞察策略和競爭力，本研究旨在測量和比較東協主要航空公司的營運效率，並對管理意含提出一個新的解釋。東協航空公司的分項投入效率係透過比較目標和實際投入來計算。東協航空公司的分項投入效率顯示，飛機效率是最低的，營運成本效率較好，可用座位效率是最好的。東協航空公司要提升運輸效率，採汰換過時飛機，放慢擴張速度，或將連結飛行網絡擴展到全球各地的開放政策；此外，其低價航空政策需要製定配套策略；投資航空運輸相關基礎設施亦可間接提升航空公司效率，迅速增加航空運輸交通需求；不僅要改變相關的策略和促使技術進步，而且要在管理實務進行重大改善。期望本研究結果，對於東協航空公司的經營效率提出具影響力的建議並對於東協航空公司的之管理理論及實務作出貢獻。

ASEAN has promoted the development of its intra-regional economic integration through air cargo trade and investment by targeting business persons to travel throughout the region for business and sightseeing. More and more passengers are projected to enter the market annually for the foreseeable future, the airline sector and new airline companies are continually growing in this region. This study explores the efficiency of fifteen ASEAN airlines covering the period 2010-2014 by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, disaggregated input efficiency measures, and bootstrapping approaches. For strategic and competitive insights, this paper aims to measure and benchmark comparative operating efficiencies of major airlines in ASEAN, and presents a new interpretation along with managerial implications. The disaggregate input efficiency of ASEAN airlines is computed by comparing the target and actual inputs. The disaggregate input efficiency of ASEAN airlines shows that aircraft efficiency is the lowest, operating cost efficiency is better, and available seat efficiency is the best. The region’s airline policy needs to be in line with promoting transportation efficiency, such as upgrading out-of-date aircraft, slowing down the rate of expansion. or an open sky policy to extend flight connectivity networks to all parts of the globe. ASEAN’s LCC policy needs to set a matching strategy to promote transportation efficiency. Relative infrastructure investment for air transport can indirectly promote airline efficiency and rapidly increase air transport traffic demand. ASEAN should engage in not only relative strategic policy changes and technological advances, but also execute significant improvements in managerial practices. Strategic suggestions are made to improve the operational efficiency of ASEAN airlines, we hope our finding contribute to theory and management practice.