運用腦波及近紅外光造影探討注意力網絡 在競爭下的大腦神經機制

Abstract

了解社會互動中大腦的動態變化有助於了解自然社會並提升生活的質量，然而現今研究有兩項很重要的限制限制。第一點，社會互動涉及兩個或更多的人，第二點，社會互動通常發生在自然的環境中，而不是人造場景。使用共同收錄腦電波及功能性近紅外線光譜儀的電極帽，在加入競爭因素的專注力網路實驗中記錄神經元活動與代謝的相關動態變化。在本實驗中有兩個目標。第一，使用專注力網路實驗探討人類大腦在競爭壓力下的認知機制，第二，探討是否會因為不同的比賽結果導致不同的生理機制。使用競爭與非競爭的資料相比較，認為兩者的差異是競爭壓力的影響。在競爭壓力的影響下，左前額葉在反應前會有θ頻帶的上升的現象，而在血氧濃度的變化中，本研究發現在非競爭的情況下帶氧血上升的比較早也比較高。將競賽輸贏從競爭實驗中分離出來，發現在贏的情況下血氧濃度會上升的比較高，而在腦電波結果中輸贏得比較沒有特別的現象，可能的推論是因為不論是輸與贏，受測者都是處在一個專注的狀態中，所以在反應前輸與贏沒有明顯的差異。本研究中所發現的大腦特徵可增進社會互動中的競爭壓力之瞭解。

Understanding the dynamics of brain activity during social interaction is important for understanding our social nature and in turn for improving the life quality of people. However, two important limitations of the existing studies are evident. First, social interaction involves two or more individuals. Second, social interaction in real life occurs in a naturalistic environment. We used EEG/fNIRS simultaneous caps with modified attention network task to explore the hemodynamic and metabolic changes associated with EEG-recorded changes in neuronal activity. There are two aims of this study. First, using attention network task to find the cognitive mechanism of human brain under competitive pressure. Second, we want to know whether different competition results have different phenomenon in two physiological signals. Use data in competition minus in non-competition (normal) and find the influence of competitive pressure. In competitive pressure, ERSP in left frontal has theta band burst before response. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) in competition task is lower and raise slower than normal task. In the comparison of win and lose, ERSP have no different because participants all in a very attention status, thus their ERSP result from event onset to response offset have no significant difference. HbO in win group is higher than lose task. The electrodynamic and hemodynamic signatures of competitive pressure provided in this study might improve the understanding of the neural mechanism of stress.