高層國際商務旅館煙控性能設計之研究

Abstract

我國建築物內排煙設計大都依照各類場所消防安全設備設置標準與建築技術規則設計施工篇來規劃，通常形成一種固定化與不變性，無法依照場所實際特性使排煙裝置作有效利用。這些設備在消防安全檢查上，只要功能正常啟動、排煙量符合法規就行，無法考慮到是否真正確保人命安全，因此實務上有所謂替代性(RouteB)、性能式(RouteC)來強化消防安全、保障生命財產。 本研究以25樓高層建築物之商務旅館，假定標準層內客房起火，排煙設計採我國法規，對比性能式設計之梯間加壓，來歸納最適合防煙模式。文獻舉國內外學者研究及美國防火協會NFPA等資料，列出有關煙的規範以及介紹各種煙控模式。起火處假定旅館內標準層客房起火，加入火災模擬軟體FDS，模擬煙層下降至1.8m時間。 本研究均採火源1MW做模擬。經結果發現客房一與客房五起火，在排煙模式下，右排煙室煙層下降時間較無排煙模式時短。而在排煙與梯間加壓併用模式下直至300秒時，排煙室及安全梯都能維持良好能見度與溫度，但因量測點位於走廊，當客房五起火後，梯間加壓化使濃煙往走廊中間集中，導致在144秒時煙層高度便低於1.8m。另外，同面積情境以進排煙2m3/s的風量啟動下，比風量4m3/s、6m3/s的煙層下降時間長。以法規所定進排煙風量4 m3/s啟動，排煙室面積5m2以上，煙層能維持在高度1.8m以上。情境S-1的面積較偏方形，情境A-2的面積較偏長形，二者面積相似，其FDS模擬結果，情境S-1的煙層高度維持在1.8m以上，情境A-2的煙層高度在164秒時便低於1.8m。

Design of internal smoke exhaust in buildings in Republic of China mostly according to the Standard for Installation of Fire Safety Equipments and the Building Technical Regulations design Construction article to plan, usually form a kind of fixation and invariance, cannot make the exhaust device effectively use according to the actual characteristic of the place. These equipment in the fire safety inspection, as long as the function of normal start-up, smoke emission compliance with the regulation, can not consider whether to ensure the real safety of life. Therefore, there is a so-called substitute (RouteB), performance-type (RouteC) to strengthen the fire safety, the protection of life and property. This study takes the 25 floor high-rise building business hotel, assumes the standard layer inside the room fire. Smoke exhaust design and adopt our country regulations, contrast the performance design of the stairwell pressurization system, summed up the most suitable smoke-proof mode. The literature, the domestic and foreign scholars research and the American Fire Prevention Association NFPA and so on, lists the smoke regulation and introduces various smoke control modes. The fire was assumed to be in the hotel standard room fire, add fire simulation software FDS, simulation smoke layer dropped to 1.8m time. The study adopted fire 1MW simulation. The results found that room one and room five fire in smoke extraction mode, smoke plume on the right exhaust chamber fall time is shorter than smoke-free model. In the exhaust and stairwell pressurization system mode until 300 seconds, exhaust chamber and refuge stairways can maintain good visibility and temperatures. Due to measurement point is in the corridor, when room five fires, pressurized smoke into the corridor and concentrated in the middle of the stairs, resulting in 144 seconds smoke layer height is lower than 1.8M. In addition, smoke layer down time in the same area under the smoke exhaust capacity of 2m3/s is longer than smoke exhaust capacity of 4m3/s, 6m3/s. To regulations set by the exhaust air volume 4 m3/s starts, exhaust chamber area of more than 5m2, smoke level can be maintained at a height of more than 1.8m. Square in S-1 area, sit long in A-2 area, both areas similar to the FDS simulations, S-1 smoke layer height above 1.8m, A-2 164 second, the smoke layer height of less than 1.8m.