顯示器IC設計公司工作環境肌肉骨骼健康危害分析與改善方法探討

Abstract

本研究以科學園區某顯示器IC設計公司317位員工為調查對象，使用改編之NMQ問卷、檢核表及生物力學分析等方法進行調查，分析此區塊產業員工肌肉骨骼不適的可能原因，再透過比較使用方法的敏感度與特定度，找出適用此區塊產業的肌肉骨骼危害分析方法，並透過風險改善手法執行員工肌肉骨骼不適問題。 研究使用改編之NMQ問卷調查發現，調查對象最近一年內全身有自覺不適盛行率達到74%，以肩頸（63%）不適盛行率最高，其次依序為背部（44%）、上肢（26%）、下肢（12%）。女性則比男性有較高肌肉骨骼不適比例，隨年齡遞增上背部肌肉骨骼不適情形越明顯。沒有運動習慣的員工，下背與腰部肌肉骨骼不適盛行率普遍較高。且疲勞程度越高身體各部位自覺肌肉骨骼不適盛行率也越高。視覺疲勞的調查有73%員工反應從事目前工作後視覺有變差。最多員工反映會造成工作疲勞的作業類型則是「操作電腦(文書作業)」有86.6%。 肌肉骨骼危害檢核方法(OWAS、RULA、MSDs、BRIEF)，以BRIEF檢核表用於對象公司人員肌肉骨骼危害分析最為敏感與適用，各工作區域人員肌肉骨骼傷害高風險部位，則是手及手腕、手肘、右肩、頸及背部；生物力學分析法(NIOSH 抬舉指標與生物力學計算3D SSPP) 兩方法皆適用研究對象，分析12組實驗室搬運作業，皆分析出相同之背部肌肉骨骼風險程度；肌肉骨骼傷害風險改善手法，以檢核表分析與再次問卷調查結果，以「風險消除」與「風險替代」成效最好。

In this study, 317 employees of a display IC design company in the Science Park were selected as the research objects. The questionnaires of NMQ, checklist and biomechanical analysis were used to investigate the possible causes of musculoskeletal discomfort in this block. Find out the musculoskeletal hazard analysis methods that apply to this sector by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the methods of use and implement the staff's musculoskeletal discomfort through risk aversion. The study, using the adapted NMQ questionnaire, found that the prevalence of subjective discomfort was 74% in the most recent year, with the highest prevalence rate of shoulder and neck (63%), followed by the back (44%), upper extremity(26%), Lower limbs (12%). Women are higher than men have a higher proportion of musculoskeletal discomfort, with increasing age on the back musculoskeletal discomfort more obvious. No exercise habits of employees, lower back and waist musculoskeletal discomfort prevalence rate is generally higher. And the higher the degree of fatigue in all parts of the body the prevalence of subjective musculoskeletal discomfort is also higher. Visual fatigue survey 73% of employees responded to the current work after the visual deterioration. The maximum number of employees who reported work-related fatigue was 86.6% "Operating Computer (Paperwork)". Musculoskeletal hazard assessment methods (OWAS, RULA, MSDs, BRIEF) to BRIEF checklist for the company's staff the most sensitive and applicable to the analysis of musculoskeletal hazards, high-risk parts of musculoskeletal injuries in all work areas are hand and Wrist, elbow, right shoulder, neck and back; biomechanical analysis (NIOSH lifting index and biomechanical calculation of 3D SSPP) both methods are applicable to the study object, analysis of 12 laboratory handling operations are analyzed the same back musculoskeletal The degree of risk; the way to improve the risk of musculoskeletal injury to check the results of questionnaire analysis and questionnaire survey, and the results of "risk elimination" and "risk substitution" were the best.