標題: Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in Brazil
作者: Pao, Hsiao-Tien
Tsai, Chung-Ming
管理科學系
Department of Management Science
關鍵字: Grey prediction model;Dynamic causal relationship;CO2 emissions;Brazil
公開日期: 1-May-2011
摘要: This paper examines the dynamic relationships between pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and the output for Brazil during 1980-2007. The Grey prediction model (GM) is applied to predict three variables during 2008-2013. In the long-run equilibrium emissions appear to be both energy consumption and output inelastic, but energy is a more important determinant of emissions than output. This may be because Brazilian unsustainable land use and forestry contribute most to the country's greenhouse gas emissions. The findings of the inverted U-shaped relationships of both emissions income and energy consumption income imply that both environmental damage and energy consumption firstly increase with income, then stabilize, and eventually decline. The causality results indicate that there is a bidirectional strong causality running between income, energy consumption and emissions. In order to reduce emissions and to avoid a negative effect on the economic growth, Brazil should adopt the dual strategy of increasing investment in energy infrastructure and stepping up energy conservation policies to increase energy efficiency and reduce wastage of energy. The forecasting ability of GM is compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model over the out-of-sample period between 2002 and 2007. All of the optimal GMs and ARIMAs have a strong forecasting performance with MAPEs of less than 3%. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.01.032
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/150320
ISSN: 0360-5442
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.01.032
期刊: ENERGY
Volume: 36
起始頁: 2450
結束頁: 2458
Appears in Collections:Articles