會計師產業專業性、銀行股權結構與銀行授信風險

Abstract

近來相繼發生重大金融弊案與危機，顯見銀行業的信用風險控管與內部控制仍有不足。台灣自2001年積極推動金融改革與監理政策，主要期望降低金融機構的逾期放款以改善其授信風險及競爭力與經營效率提升。本文是以2002至2015年之台灣銀行業為研究樣本，探討會計師產業專業性和銀行股權結構對銀行授信風險之影響。主要實證結果有四項，第一是會計師產業專業性與銀行授信風險之間呈現負相關。會計師個人具有較高銀行產業專業可提升審計品質來有效降低銀行不良放款與逾期放款比率。所以會計師產業專業性對銀行授信風險有重要影響。第二是泛公營銀行承受較民營銀行高的授信風險，以及外資法人持股率較高之銀行其授信風險較低。第三是大型事務所在查核銀行業的審計品質較高亦能降低其授信風險。但相較於大型事務所，會計師產業專業性對銀行授信風險控制有更高審計監督效率。第四為會計師產業專業性與銀行授信風險之關係會受到不同銀行規模和股權結構之影響。銀行產業專業會計師在查核規模較小和外資法人持股率較高之銀行，因有較佳的審計品質更能有效降低銀行授信風險。

Recently, major financial frauds and crises have occurred successively. It is obvious that the credit risk control and internal control of the banking industry are still insufficient. Taiwan has actively promoted financial reform and supervision policies since 2001. It is mainly expected to reduce the nonperforming loans of financial institutions to improve their credit risk and enhance the competitiveness and operational efficiency. This study uses the Taiwanese banking industry from 2002 to 2015 as a research sample to explore the impact of auditor industry specialization and bank ownership on the bank credit risk. There are four main empirical results. The first is that higher auditor industry specialization is associated with lower bank credit risk. Auditors with higher banking industry specialization can improve audit quality to effectively reduce the ratio of bank nonperforming loans and nonaccrual loans. Therefore, the auditor industry specialization has an important impact on bank credit risk. The second is that state-owned banks are subject to higher credit risk than private banks, and banks with higher foreign ownership have lower credit risk. The third is that large audit firms can also enhance the audit quality to reduce bank credit risk. However, auditor industry specialization has more audit monitoring efficiency for bank credit risk than large audit firms. Finally, the relationship between auditor industry specialization and bank credit risk will be affected by different bank size and foreign ownership. Especially for small banks and banks with higher foreign ownership, auditors with higher banking industry specialization are able to effectively reduce more bank credit risk by enhancing audit quality.