網球公開賽女子單打發球技能分析研究

Abstract

目的：本研究主要目的為分析近三年世界女子職業網球選手在不同網球表面性質場地的發球技能之差異及發展，藉以了解現今世界職業女子網球發球技能之趨勢。方法：本研究是以參與2013-2015 三年間世界四大職業網球公開賽之進入女子32 強的選手做為研究對象、變異數分析比較三年間中9 項攻守技能表現之差異性。結果：1.2013-2015 勝負方之第一發球贏球率、第二發球贏球率及愛司球等技能差異均達顯著水準 (p＜.05)。2.四大網球公開賽競賽時勝負方各項發球技能表現分析後得知2013 年在第一發球成功率及愛司球，2014 年在第一發球贏球率、愛司球、發球最快速度、第一發球平均速度及第二發球平均速度，2015年在第一發球贏球率、第二發球贏球率、愛司球、發球最快速度、第一發球平均速度及第二發球平均速度等項目差異均達顯著水準 (p＜.05)。結論：研究結果顯示四大公開賽在發球贏球率方面是會影響勝負成績的關鍵表現，勝方球員均需具備有較高的第一及第二發球贏球率，獲勝的機率就會提高，而愛司球、第一及第二發球速度對速度較快的溫布頓場地表現更顯突出。

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the differences between the offensive and defensive skills of women's single matches in Grand Slam Tournaments. Mothod: Data were collected based on the tennis players who qualified to the third round in the four Grand Slam Tournaments in the year 2013-2015. Methods: To use spss 20.0 T test and One-way ANOVA were used to compare fourteen skill variables of each single match performed on different court surfaces. Results: The results revealed that: 1. To sum up the total factors between winners and losers in 2013-2015 grand slam tournaments, The three-year results showed significant difference (p＜.05) in winning % on 1st serve PTS and winning % on 2nd serve PTS, Ace. 2. One-way ANOVA were used to compare eight skill variables of each single match performed on the different court surfaces. The results revealed in 2013 the result showed significant (p＜.05) difference in 1st Serve ％ and ace, in 2014 the result showed significant difference in winning % on 1st serve PTS, ace, fastest serves speed, Average 1st Serve Speed, Average 2nd Serve Speed, in 2015 the result showed significant difference in winning % on 1st serve PTS, winning % on 2st serve PTS, ace, fastest serves speed, Average 1st Serve Speed, Average 2nd Serve Speed. Conclusion: The result showed from the research, the key point of success or failure will be influenced from winning % on serve PTS from The Big Four Tennis Tournament , the winner player needs to possess the higher of winning ％ on 1st and 2nd serve PTS, the probability to win be enhanced, and the ace, Average 1st Serve Speed, Average 2nd Serve Speed tospeed faster of Wimbledon court will be more important.