蘇聯介入與現代維吾爾民族主義的興起：東突厥斯坦共和國不同史觀的討論

Abstract

對於東突厥斯坦共和國的出現原因，有幾種不同的說法。國民黨政權堅持蘇聯外力介入，使得「伊犁政權」得以建立。共產黨政權則強調「三區革命」是民族革命，以對抗當時國民黨政權的壓迫。這篇文章認為現有的歷史詮釋，主要糾纏在「蘇聯外力介入」與「維吾爾民族主義」兩個因素的因果關係上；兩個因素各自獨立，或是互相依存，有著先後牽引的關係，於是可以推演出四種變異排列的可能。透過分析國民黨與共產黨政權的歷史論述，以及近年相關歷史學術研究提出的相關論證，這篇文章企圖體現政治力介入使得東突國研究變得扭曲，一方面展現國、共兩黨的論述口徑有著刻意的政治目的，另一方面檢討相關研究文獻所提出的不同歷史詮釋。

Chinese Nationalists insist on a reading of history whereby Soviet intervention constituted the precondition for the successful establishment of the 'Ili regime'; on the other hand, Chinese Communists underscore the importance of ‘the Three Districts Revolution' as part of the Chinese national revolution ,which aimed at overthrowing the oppressive rule exercised by the Chinese Nationalist government. The article contends that two factors, namely the Soviet intervention and Uyghur nationalism, and their four possible causal permutations, both contribute to plausible historical understandings of the rise of the East Turkistan Republic. The article contains a literature review on the rebellion in Xinjiang with special reference to (and comparison between) the official narratives embraced by the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communist government respectively. With the aim of exposing the political intentions in framing a history they favour, the article plans to reveal the approaches of the two authorities in manipulating with selective materials and how historians have challenged and what needs to be articulated on this historical topic.