國家創新策略關鍵因素與績效評估：AHP與Bounded-DEA之鏈結

Abstract

晚近，世界各國皆面臨貧富差距惡化與生態耗竭雙困境，透過國家創新策略之完整規劃與執行，遂為提高生產力、創造就業機會與落實永續發展之關鍵驅動因子。本文根據國內外各種統計資料庫與文獻綜述，歸納國家創新策略四大構面與16項關鍵因素，經由產、官、學、研各界之高階研發主管進行問卷調查。首先，透過層級分析法（AHP），進行國家創新策略重要性排序，發現政府部門的研發政策方向、產業部門的專利發展策略、高等教育部門的跨界產學合作，以及研究機構部門的衍生新創事業成果，係影響國家創新策略之四個主要關鍵因素，且產業部門之創新策略相對重要。其次，鏈結AHP所粹取資訊，利用設限資料包絡分析法（Bounded-DEA），進行國家創新策略之績效評估；實證結果顯示技術效率平均約0.707而存在30%之創新策略改善空間，且發現AHP與Bounded-DEA之關鍵策略與績效排序頗為一致。整合本文實證結果，建議若要充分彰顯研究發展、知識移轉與創新綜效，有效鏈結產官學研之創新策略至為重要。

Productivity and sustainable economic growth are two critical pillars for governments to solve urging issues such as income inequality and resource depletion. Innovation specifically by investing in technology and human capital is the main tool that creates good solutions to simultaneously solve issues in society and environment. Therefore, it is important to understand how innovations interact with productivity from the national level for developing better policy design. This study categorizes innovation strategy into four departments with sixteen key factors and conducts a questionnaire survey of high-level research and development managers. Results from the questionnaire are analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Bounded Data Envelopment Analysis (Bounded-DEA). It is showed that national R&D strategy, patents, industry-academia cooperation, and new venture of research institutes are identified as the most important factors in the innovation strategy. We also showed that the average national wide innovation efficiency was only 0.707 indicating a 30% gap of improvement in the innovation performance. It is concluded that the mechanism of R&D results transfer from research institutes and academia to industry plays a substantial role in the effectiveness of a national innovation policy.