標題: | An image feature based robust digital watermarking scheme |
作者: | Tang, CW Hang, HM 電子工程學系及電子研究所 Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics |
關鍵字: | robust watermark;feature extraction;image normalization;Marr wavelet;geometric distortion |
公開日期: | 2002 |
摘要: | A novel robust digital image watermarking scheme which combines image feature extraction and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometrical and signal processing attacks. We adopt a feature extraction method called Mexican Hat wavelet scale interaction. The extracted feature points can survive various attacks such as common signal processing, JPEG compression, and geometric distortions. Thus, these feature points can be used as reference points for both watermark embedding, and detection. The normalized image of a rotated image (object) is the same as the normalized version of the original image. As a result, the watermark detection task can be much simplified when it is done on the normalized image without referencing to the original image. However, because image normalization is sensitive to image local variation, we apply image normalization to non-overlapped image disks separately. The center of each disk is an extracted feature point. Several copies of one 16-bit watermark sequence are embedded in the original image to improve the robustness of watermarks. Simulation results show that our scheme can survive low quality JPEG compression, color reduction, sharpening, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, printing and scanning process, row or column removal, shearing rotation, scaling, local warping, cropping, and linear transformation. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11536/18801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.465318 |
ISBN: | 0-8194-4415-4 |
ISSN: | 0277-786X |
DOI: | 10.1117/12.465318 |
期刊: | SECURITY AND WATERMARKING OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS IV |
Volume: | 4675 |
起始頁: | 584 |
結束頁: | 595 |
顯示於類別: | 會議論文 |