標題: Electromigration behaviors of Ge2Sb2Te5 chalcogenide thin films under DC bias
作者: Huang, Yin-Hsien
Hang, Chi-Hang
Huang, Yu-Jen
Hsieh, Tsung-Eong
材料科學與工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
關鍵字: Chalcogenides;Electromigration;Black's theory;Blech structure;Phase-change random access memory
公開日期: 15-Dec-2013
摘要: Electromigration (EM) behaviors of pristine Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), nitrogen-doped GST (N-GST) and cerium-doped GST (Ce-GST) thin-film strips under DC bias are presented. The mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) analysis based on the Black equation found that the EM failure times at room temperature are 1.2 x 10(4), 40 and 9.2 x 10(2) years and the activation energies (E-a) of EM process are 1.07, 0.57 and 0.68 eV for GST, N-GST and Ce-GST, respectively. Moreover, the calibration of the current density exponent, n, of Black's equation found n values are close to 2 for all samples, implying the dominance of grain boundary diffusion during the mass transport of EM process. For doped GSTs, the inferior EM failure lifespans and smaller E-a values were ascribed to the grain refinement effect which increases the number of grain boundaries in such samples. It consequently promoted the short-circuit diffusion and accelerated the EM failure in doped GSTs. The Blech-type tests on GSTs found that the threshold product, i.e., the product of current density and sample length ((j.L)(th)), is 200 A/cm for GST, 50 A/cm for N-GST and 66.67 A/cm for Ce-GST. Moreover, the product of diffusivity and effective charge number (i.e., DZ*) for GST, N-GST and Ce-GST was 2.0 x 10(-7), 4.5 x 10(-6) and 3.8 x 10(-6) cm(2)/sec, respectively. Analytical results illustrated that the electrostatic force effect dominates the EM failure in samples with short strip lengths while the electron-wind force effect dominates the EM failure in samples with long strip lengths. Doping might alleviate the mass segregation in GST; however, its effect was moderate. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.129
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/22667
ISSN: 0925-8388
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.129
期刊: JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
Volume: 580
Issue: 
起始頁: 449
結束頁: 456
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