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dc.contributor.authorChan, CTen_US
dc.contributor.authorLee, JCen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:38:49Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:38:49Z-
dc.date.issued2004-07-05en_US
dc.identifier.issn0550-3213en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.04.022en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/26573-
dc.description.abstractWe derive stringy Ward identities from the decoupling of two types of zero-norm states in the old covariant first quantized (OCFQ) spectrum of open bosonic string. These Ward identities are valid to all energy alpha(1) and all loop orders chi in string perturbation theory. The high-energy limit alpha(1) --> infinity of these stringy Ward identities can then be used to fix the proportionality constants between scattering amplitudes of different string states algebraically without referring to Gross and Mende's saddle point calculation of high-energy string-loop amplitudes. As examples, all Ward identities for the mass level M-2 = 4, 6 are derived, their high-energy limits are calculated and the proportionality constants between scattering amplitudes of different string states are determined. In addition to those identified before, we discover some new nonzero components of high-energy amplitudes not found previously by Gross and Manes. These components are essential to preserve massive gauge invariances or decouple massive zero-norm states of string theory. A set of massive scattering amplitudes and their high-energy limits are calculated explicitly for each mass level M-2 = 4, 6 to justify our results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.titleZero-norm states and high-energy symmetries of string theoryen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.04.022en_US
dc.identifier.journalNUCLEAR PHYSICS Ben_US
dc.citation.volume690en_US
dc.citation.issue1-2en_US
dc.citation.spage3en_US
dc.citation.epage20en_US
dc.contributor.department電子物理學系zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electrophysicsen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000222229000001-
dc.citation.woscount31-
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