無感測直流無刷馬達之驅動電路設計

Abstract

直流無刷馬達在現今工業裡扮演著重要的角色，主要是因為據有高效率、高轉速以及高扭力等優點。一般直流馬達運轉時，需要霍爾原件來偵測轉子的位置做換相的機制，但使用霍爾原件除了成本提高之外，也容易受環境溫度所限制。若能夠不使用霍爾原件來做換相的機制，就可以使成本降低，固有許多無感測的方法被提出。 本論文設計一無感測直流無刷馬達驅動器，有別於一般感測反電動勢零交越電路，此驅動器只需要量測非激發端的電壓就可以估測轉子位置做換相的動作。論文最後比較有感測與無感測驅動之差異，發現在某些特定的情況下，無感測驅動是可以取代有感測驅動。

The BLDC motors are play important roles in this industry. It is because that the BLDC motors possess some advantages such as high efficiency, high speed and high torque. In general, the BLDC motors work need hall sensor to detect the rotor position in order to commutate. Nevertheless, use hall sensors not only increase cost but also restricted to surrounding temperature. If the motor commutate without hall sensors, we can cost down. Therefore, many sensorless methods are proposed. The thesis designs a driver for a sensorless BLDC motor. Differ from general drivers, my driver estimates rotor position according to unexcited phase voltage and then commutate without any Back-EMF detection circuits. In the end of the thesis, I compare the differences with sensor control and sensorless control. In the certain condition, the sensorless control could replace with sensor control.