科學園區對台灣高科技產業製造部門集中與聚集影響之實證研究

Abstract

科學園區的設立可視為台灣大型基礎建設之公共投資且為政府投資基礎建設的重要策略，園區成立的過程與台灣高科技產業集中與聚集情形有著密不可分的關聯。行政院於民國95年提出的國家計畫－「2015經濟發展願景第一階段三年衝刺計劃」當中提到，為使臺灣未來產業能夠長期穩健發展，其中以「營造優良投資環境」及「開創產業發展新局」為主要目標。政府為了推行科技產業政策促進國家經濟成長，結合了科技產業發展與產業區位概念的科學園區因此而陸續產生。 本研究係利用台灣高科技產業製造業部門的基礎資料，依據各種產業群聚的發展過程，嘗試整合評估台灣產業集中與聚集發展之指標，藉此了解科學園區之成立是否會影響產業集中與聚集情形。衡量的指標包含：1.區位商數：用於衡量各區域產業專業化程度； 2.Ellison and Glaeser Model：觀察單一產業之廠商於空間上是否有地理集中現象；3.Getis指標：度量區域內空間關聯的程度，進而找出空間聚集點(Hot Spot)所在區位。茲將研究發現整理如下： 1. 台灣高科技產業地理集中程度各不相同，以EG指標量測，僅有積體電路出現高度集中於某鄉鎮的現象，以新竹地區為主要聚集區域。 2. 廠商規模會影響集中程度（EG指標）大小，當有集中情形時積體電路及光電產業以大型廠商為較重要的產業。 3. 科學園區對六大產業的空間分布影響皆有不同，新竹科學園區的設置對產業影響最為明顯。 4. 由各地區造成集中與聚集的因素觀察，六大產業中光電及通訊產業受園區影響最為顯著。

The establishment of science-based industrial park can be foreseen as one of the largest public construction plan. The establishment of the park and clustering of Taiwan- High-tech industries are closely related. This study tries to use the basic data establishment of Taiwan’s High-Tech manucturing sectors. According to the growing process of other industry, to evaluate concentration and agglomeration index of Taiwan industry, and understand the influences of the establishment of the park bought to the industry itself .The way to compute the index includes: 1.Location Quotient : Location quotient: measure the degree of specialization to each regional industry. 2. Ellison and Glaeser Model: use individual firm location choice model, and then join local natural advantage and industry spillover these two parameters to compute the index of geographic concentration to discuss the appearance of industrial geographic concentration. 3. Getis index: a measure of the spatial correlation in the region, then find out Hot-Spot. 1. The geographical concentration level of Taiwan high-tech industry is different, we prove semiconductor agglomeration in hsinchu region by EG index. 2. Tthe size of cooperation influence the level of concentration, it is important to the large size of establishment if the semiconductor and photovoltaic are concentration. 3. The influences of the science park to the six industries are different, especially the Hsinchu science park. 4. In the observation of each area's concentration reasons, the influence in photovoltaic and communication industry is critical.