標題: 假期旅運行為與擁擠訂價策略研究──以國道五號為例
Travel Activity and Congestion Pricing on Long Holidays: A Case of Freeway No. 5
作者: 章法筑
Chang, Fa Chu
許巧鶯
Hsu, Chaug Ing
運輸與物流管理學系
關鍵字: 擁擠訂價;假期旅運行為;選擇行為;Congestion pricing;Travel activity on holiday;Departure time choice
公開日期: 2007
摘要: 許多民眾在假期時會有出遊或返鄉的行為,因此造成在某些特定時段及路段上壅塞情形十分嚴重。為了因應假期間產生的交通壅塞問題,夜間暫停收過路費即是最有效的策略之一,其亦是依時道路擁擠收費的應用,根據過去資料顯示,午夜時段之車流量為一日之中最低,但當夜間停止收過路費的策略實施後,部分用路人為了降低旅行成本,會將旅次轉移至此時段,因此可以紓解一些尖峰時段的流量。除了以降低過路費來吸引旅次至離峰時段,亦可增加過路費或是擁擠費來增加用路人旅行成本,使部分旅次轉移到其他時段,或是使用替代運具,如飛機、鐵路等,甚至可以使某些旅次因超過預期成本而根本不發生,因此實施擁擠訂價可以降低汙染、能源耗損及旅客等候時間等社會成本。 本研究跟以往文獻不同之處在於,過去文獻大都針對通勤而造成的壅塞,而鮮少考慮到因假期而返鄉、出遊的民眾所造成的壅塞問題,除了旅運時間長短、假期預算長度的差異,其旅次產生的目的不同,民眾在這兩種情況下的行為亦會不同,而假期旅行者除了考量度假的天數外,也會考慮在白天或晚上開車的舒適度,因此本研究將先建立個人行為效用模式,考慮旅行時間、延滯時間與度假時間長短,以及白天及夜晚開車的舒適度等變數,將個人行為效用最大化,再加總得到旅客所偏好的旅行時段,而後加上擁擠訂價以求得總使用者成本化,並以雪山隧道為範例分析,收集實際資料,以探討旅行者在假期時的旅運行為,以及擁擠訂價策略如何應用在假期上。 本研究於民國97年清明假期至國道五號調查的結果顯示,假期旅客之假期長度為當日往返的比例很高;旅次目的以遊憩為大宗;當過路費提高時,旅客之預計天數較長者較不願意取消旅次,而旅次目的為返鄉者較願意取消旅次;且旅次順序與旅次方向密切相關,也就是去程旅客之比例多為北上,回程旅客之比例多為南下,可能與國道五號之北端為大台北都會區,南端為宜蘭花蓮觀光區有關。根據實際流量資料,以及去程及回程之假期旅客對於假期頭尾的出發時間偏好,經模式最適化後的過路費亦會隨時段而不同。在去程方面,假期第一天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費為43元最高;假期第二天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費為41元次之,而假期最後一天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費維持40元不變。在回程方面,假期第一天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費為40元不變;假期第二天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費為41元,而假期最後一天早上6:00至午夜12:00,過路費為43元最高。
Traffic congestion usually occurs on some roads in specific peak periods during long holiday because people have high demand for vacation or homecoming travels. In order to solve this problem, transportation authority often adopts congestion pricing policy to shift travelers from peak to off-peak period. However, most previous research dealt merely with congestion policy for commuters in the peak-hour on week days rather than on holidays. This study focuses on the bottleneck congestion pricing in a freeway corridor during long holiday. The study formulates an individual travel utility function consisting of travel time, schedule delay, vacation duration, congestion tolls and the experience of driving at different times to measure individual’s choice of departure time. Besides, the study further uses revealed and stated preference survey data collected from drivers on freeway No. 5 in Taiwan on Ching-Ming holiday to analyze travelers’ behavior and calibrate the parameters of the model. Then, total users’ costs in the system are minimized to determine the optimal congestion tolls on different time periods of the holiday. With the increase in congestion pricing, the results from survey indicate that travelers with longer duration of their vacations are relatively not willing to cancel their trips, while those travelers whose purpose being returning home are more likely to cancel. In addition, the results of the model shows that total users’ cost will be reduced and the average speed during the holiday will be increased in cases transportation authority adopts the optimal congestion pricing.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT009532505
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/39107
顯示於類別:畢業論文


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