納入環境因素之國家、地區及企業效率與生產力

Abstract

經濟發展與環境保護必須要相互配合、與時俱進，以達永續發展的目的。本篇論文將以效率與生產力的觀點，探討在加入環境影響因素後，對於國家、地區、與企業整體性的績效評估。對於國家與地區的整體績效評估，本文採實證研究進行；對於企業的整體績效，本文則提供一個概念性的架構，以利實際推廣。 在實證研究的部分，本文先以國家為比較基準，使用Malmquist生產力指數，探討東亞十國經濟/環境的整體生產力，為因應京都議定書正式生效對各國可能產生的衝擊，文中環境變數採各國二氧化碳的排放量來進行分析。其後，本文以中國大陸三十一個行政區為例，探討一國中各地區之經濟/環境的整體效率與生產力，環境變數採亞洲褐雲的排放物來進行分析，實證結果發現在考慮環境因素後，經濟迅速發展的東部沿海地區較內陸地區整體績效為高。 最後，本文提供一個概念性的架構，以效率的觀點，將環境因素納入企業整體績效評估架構之中，透過這個新架構，企業、投資人、與社會大眾可以容易地瞭解企業的運作，並對企業本身營運的能力、財務健全性與對環境的友善程度做一個整體的評價，各種不同性質的團體亦可經由這個一貫的架構，互相溝通並研擬決策。

Economics and ecology should be mutually reinforcing to attain sustainable development in modern society. From the perspective of efficiency and productivity, this dissertation studies the performances for multiple organization levels from nation, region, to business taking environmental factors into consideration. Both empirical studies and a conceptual framework for evaluating integrated development for multiple levels of the above entities are presented. Firstly, this dissertation starts investigating the economic-environmental performance from a nation’s level. Productivity growth of ten Asian countries are analyzed by examining their outputs from economic performance and environmental impact standpoint. Taking CO2 emissions into analysis, productivity growth of these nations are calculated using the Malmquist index. Secondly, this study focuses on a region’s level. This part analyzes the regional development of China by examining economic performance as well as environmental emissions which cause Asian Brown Clouds. Technical efficiency and productivity changes of thirty-one regions in China are computed. The fast-developing east (coastal) regions experience higher technical efficiency and productivity growth than the inland central and west regions economically and environmentally. Finally, a new conceptual framework for evaluating corporate integrated development through the perspective of efficiency is introduced. Under the proposed framework, businesses, investors, and society can conveniently understand and evaluate corporate holistic performance including its operational competence, financial health, and environmental friendliness. Decisions of different levels and groups can be made with programmed consideration on this proposed analytical ground.