台灣手工具產業價值鏈核心競爭能力及發展策略之研究 - 以 A 公司為例

Abstract

台灣手工具業長期以來由於持續開發新產品，以及部分勞力密集或附加價值低的手工具生產廠商，自1990年代中期開始到中國大陸設廠，因此在國際市場上佔有舉足輕重的地位。然而近兩年來人民幣大幅升值、大陸勞工薪資高漲、中國政府下調出口退稅以及新勞動合同法的實施，中國顯然不再是低成本的手工具製造國。外移大陸期望降低成本的廠商可能得再次遷徙，或擬定新的競爭策略。 手工具產業 2006 年的出口金額為新台幣五百二十億元，廠商若要維持出口的競爭力，除了積極將生產效率提升、整體製造成本降低和品質升級之外，產品設計的差異化、機構的創新、全球的佈局與品牌的建立都是值得業者努力的方向。 本研究藉由 Michael Porter 的價值鏈分析理論為基礎，參考台灣手工具產業的特性，以及國際市場發展的趨勢，依據五項「主要活動」及四項「輔助活動」為構面，針對手工具個案公司之企業價值鏈的活動現況做問卷調查。調查期間經由內部的反覆溝通與自我評估，清楚了解公司的核心競爭力，並將競爭力中具相對優勢的部份提出明確的發展策略。此外，本研究所提出的建議，希望對手工具產業將來的發展有直接且長久的助益。

Thanks to the continuous product development and the expansion of the production bases in mainland China by some of the labor intensive and low value-added manufacturers since mid-1990s, Taiwan hand tool industry has played a considerable role in the global hand tool market. Nevertheless, the significant appreciation of RMB, the increase of labor costs, the reduction of export tax rebate as well as the enforcement of the new labor contract law in the recent two years make mainland China no longer a low cost manufacturing country for hand tools. Those who rely on low cost from their China plants may have to relocate their production sites and rethinking their competition strategies.

Taiwan’s total hand tool export amounted to NT$ 52 billion in 2006. Given the above adversary factors imposed externally, the Taiwanese hand tool manufacturers, should they attempt to keep competition in worldwide market, would have to implement a variety of strategic approaches internally, including improving the production yield, reducing the manufacturing cost, upgrading the overall quality, differentiating the design as well as innovating the mechanism. It may well be worth to consider putting efforts in the global logistic management and brand development as long-term ventures.

This research, by applying Michael Porter’s value chain analysis and conducting investigation through questionnaire to the current status of A company in the respect of five primary activities and four support activities, along with the reference of the characteristic of Taiwan hand tool industry and the trend of the future requirements in global hand tool market, clearly exposes the core competence of the mentioned company hence provides guideline for the development strategy. It is hoped that the recommendations, as this research indicates, could be helpful to all of the manufacturers in the industry.