祭祀社群、儀式與祭品--平鎮東勢建安宮個案分析

Abstract

本文從平鎮市的歷史發展與信仰分布為起點，了解東勢建安宮在當地特殊重要性，並透過東勢建安宮的源流、組織、例年性祭祀活動，以及盛大的開漳聖王聖誕神豬神羊敬獻活動，進而詮釋出東勢建安宮的祭祀社群的特徵。經由實地參與準備工作，從東勢建安宮開漳聖王誕辰六年輪值的豬羊敬獻過程，詮釋輪值區的居民，如何在豬的飼養、閹割、比賽、敬獻、獻祭到分福的圓滿反覆過程，以豬為象徵物，讓敬獻者能調和他性格中的矛盾成份，獻祭了自己的心，達到了「和解」的狀態，透過豬的導引，把飼主、家族、廟宇、親戚與鄰居之間完成社群建構歷程，並經由廟方例年性的工作、輪值者祭品週年性準備，所架構出的時間文化基礎，讓飼主不僅在日常生活時間與神聖時間做最佳的調和，發展出體驗時間的重要性，跳脫個人與廟宇分別，交互融合而產生新的時間性循環。

This study begins with the local history and religion life of Ping-Jen City to explore the social and cultural meaning of Tung-Shi, Chian-An Temple . The social and cultural dimensions of the worshiping community in Tung-Shi, Chian- An temple are fully interpreted through the origin, the organizations, the annual sacrificial offering activities and the grand holy pigs and goats to Kai-Zhang Holy God . By participative observation, this work tries to describe the detailed process of the transformance of the symbol, the pig in the ritual act from the pigs’ breeding, castration, contest, to people paying respects, offering sacrifices and sharing the meat with each other on the anniversary ceremony of Kai-Zhang Holy God. Headed by the symbol, the pig sacrifice, the worshipper harmonize his conflict between nature and culture and to literally sacrifice his heart and gain reconciliation. The holy pigs, as a symbols help to link the breeders, families, temples, relatives and neighbors to conduct the symbolic construction of community. And the offering preparation of the annual ceremony on allows the breeders imbue daily lives with sacred meaning and then develops the importance of experiencing time. By mitigating the confrontation between individuals and the collectivity, the people construct a communal time circulation.