應用網絡分析程序選擇委外協力廠商

Abstract

當企業決定將產品之生產過程委外時，通常會設定評估外包廠商的一些基本條件，並交由一組人員依所訂定的條件，評選合格的外包廠商。在這類問題的決策過程中，由於評選人員對每項條件的偏好程度，以及備選廠商在各種條件的表現，都會有不同的看法，如何在不同意見中尋求共識，以取得最佳的決策結果，是管理人員所必須面對的一個重要議題。 本研究以網絡分析程序（Analytic Network Process，ANP）整合定義完整的群體決策流程，進行協力廠商的評選問題。透過實例說明可了解，以網絡分析程序作為多人評比以及意見的整合機制，並產生決策結果，其優點除了可同時評估決策目標、決策條件及備選方案間之相互影響程度，作為後續決策參考外，還可透過群體決策流程，確保參與決策人員，能依既定目標充分表達意見，並順利達成共識。在日常的決策問題中，許多此種多準則且多人決策之問題，本研究之實證結果顯示應用網絡分析程序整合群體決策流程，是一種可行的方式。

A company usually set up a set of criteria for selecting companies to outsource its products. A decision group is assembled by managers, employees, and experts to execute the selection process. The consensus of selection of criteria, the weights assign to each of the criteria, and the process to select the companies are crucial for having a successful selection. This article presents the case of a Taiwan home appliance company to outsourcing its temperature control system of an air condition machine to one of the three companies. Four main criteria are used for selection, technology, quality, production, and management. Each criterion consists of three indicators. The interactions among the twelve indicators are considered during the decision process. Analytic Network Process (ANP) is employed as a mechanism for rating and aggregation of group members to evaluate the influences between the criteria/indicators and to select a company for outsourcing. A group decision making procedure is defined to make sure the preferences of group members are completely expressed and consensus agreement can be reached to meet the project goal. The model proposed is proved to be a useful tool when decision makers meet the other multiple criteria/ multiple decision-maker problems.