顧客承諾最低購買量契約下之存貨模式

Abstract

本論文探討在顧客承諾最低購買量下製造商的存貨模式。研究情境如下：期初零售商於實際需求發生前承諾最低購買量θ1 ，製造商提供零售商加成的保證供應量，θ1(1+r)做為回報，其中0<r<1。如果製造商的供應量低於θ1(1+r)且不能滿足零售商時，製造商必須就缺貨部分付出補償成本。在上述情境下我們討論兩種狀況：(Ⅰ)上游供應商依照製造商的訂購量提供彈性供貨，及限量緊急訂購；及(Ⅱ)在零售商確認需求前，製造商有兩次向上游供應商訂購的機會，但第二次購買的單位成本不確定。在上述兩種情境下分別構建製造商的利潤模式，以期望利潤最大化為目標，決定製造商的最佳訂購量。本文提出求解最佳訂購量的演算法，並進行參數分析以提出管理意涵。

In this study, we develop inventory models for manufacturer to determine the key component order quantity under a buyer minimum-commitment quantity contract. Under the contract, the buyer is required to commit a minimum order quantity θ1 for returning the buyer’s commitment to the manufacturer who is also required to guarantee to supply θ1(1+r), where 0 <r <1. Besides, the manufacturer provides a shortage compensation policy to compensate the buyer for shortage if his supply is below θ1(1+r). We consider two scenarios under the buyer minimum-commitment quantity contract: (i) the upstream supplier offers the manufacturer a flexible supply quantity and a quota to place his rush order; and (ii) the manufacturer has two placing order points, however the unit price in his second order is uncertain. Under above-mentioned scenarios we formulate inventory models for determining the key component order quantity to maximize the manufacturer’s profit, respectively. We also propose solution procedures for the models, respectively. Finally, Numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed solution procedure and sensitivity analysis are performed to find managerial insights.