山坡地宗教建築之探討

Abstract

近年來在台灣信仰佛教人口快速增加，佛教在台灣十分興盛，各地叢林、精舍不斷增加，本文以山坡地宗教建築為研究課題，山坡地宗教因規模大小不同，存在著許多工程開發的問題，諸如山坡地開發、水土保持設施、建築工程規劃管理、申辦作業程序等等，故以靈鷲山金佛園區為例，做佛教建築工程規劃進行研究，以期能對山坡地宗教建築能提供建言。 山坡地宗教寺廟建築，因涉及環境影響評估與山坡地開發課題，故應先確定開發面積及土地使用分區，擬訂工程開發方針。在建築設計上，除建築本體使用功能需求外，更須考量宗教建築所具備的特殊需求，由建築體外顯其宗教意涵，人文藝術，在主體外觀要能呈現其宗教風格，在工程裝飾上，要能營造其經典意境，故工程設計到工程施工，工程開發業主須評選及組織具備專業能力之工程規劃團隊，強化業主自身管理組織專業與管理協調能力，以期工程設計團隊組織能作出符合需求之設計，管理施工單位工程進度及品質達成預期目標。並應先界定工程範圍，從規劃設計、營建施工、裝修裝潢、設備配置。分區、分類、分項延伸至單價分析，匯整工程整體預算，再以工程預定計畫進度，提列資金流量需求，月資金流量需求，匯整為總體資金流量需求表，以利財務部門作為儲備資金之依據。

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in Taiwan’s Buddhist population. Buddhism is flourishing in Taiwan, and temples and sublime abodes keep increasing in every place. This paper uses the religious architectures on hillsides as the research object. Because of the diversity of their scales, there exist many issues in engineering and development, such as hillside development, soil and water conservation facilities, planning and management of construction projects, and application procedures. Hence, this research takes the Golden Buddha Sanctuary of Ling Jiou Mountain as an example, to study the planning of Buddhist architecture construction projects and provide suggestions on religious architectures on hillsides. Projects of religious temples and architectures on hillsides involve environmental impact assessment and hillside development issue, thus their development areas and zonings should be verified at first, to formulate the project development policies. On architecture design, besides the demanded functions of the architecture body, special requirements for a religious architecture should also be considered. A religious architecture should exhibit externally its religious meaning, art and humanity, and present its religious style on the body appearance. On architecture decoration, creation of the architecture’s classic artistic conception should be noted. Therefore, for the design, construction and development of the project, the proprietor must select and organize a project planning team with professional competence, and enhance his own management and organization specialties and coordination ability, to help his team make suitable design and ensure that the construction progress and quality meet the desired goals. In addition, the proprietor should define the project scope from planning, design, construction, decoration, equipment configuration, zoning, classification, item-sorting to price analysis, to sum the overall project budget, make provisions of funds flow requirement and monthly funds flow requirement, and produce the overall funds flow requirement form, for financial department’s reference of reserving funds