受負載之正齒輪對的傳動誤差探討

Abstract

本論文的目標係以實驗方法探討正齒輪對之傳動誤差與其扭力負載之關係，主要内容包含齒輪傳動誤差之測試設備建構與測試規劃、不同扭力負載之正齒輪對的傳動誤差測試分析、不同中心距之正齒輪對的傳動誤差測試分析及不同軸交角之正齒輪對的傳動誤差測試分析。 歷經二年之泛用型齒輪測試機開發及一年之該機性能測試發展，已成功地解決該機之相關問題，齒輪角度位置解析度可達4.88×10–6弧度，測試數據之擷取速度亦可達每秒1800次，該齒輪測試機已能有效的測出0到10N-m之扭力負載下之齒輪傳動誤差，且具有良好之重現性。另針對十五種不同規格或不同組合之正齒輪對，完成在0到10N-m之扭力負載下的傳動誤差多次測試，已呈現清楚之扭力負載與齒輪傳動誤差的關係，對於產業界改善齒輪噪音之方法與探索，已往前邁進一大步。本研究也分別進行了不同中心距對齒輪傳動誤差之影響實驗及不同軸交角對齒輪傳動誤差之影響實驗，亦已有具體結果。本研究之主要結論如下: (1) 正齒輪傳動誤差之變化與其扭力負載近乎呈線性關係，傳動誤差變化量之大小與其輪齒之剛性及節圓直徑之大小有關，剛性愈大，則齒輪組之傳動誤差的變化量愈小。相同扭力負載下，節圓直徑愈大，則齒面受力愈小，因此，齒輪組之傳動誤差的變化量也就愈小。 (2) 實驗結果已證實齒輪傳動誤差會隨齒輪軸交角之增大而增大。

The target of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between the transmission errors and applied torques of the spur gear by experiments. The main content includes the development of the gear transmission error test facility and its test planning. The transmission error tests and analyses under different loads, center distance and the axial crossed angle on spur gear pairs are also investigated. Via two years of the universal gear tester design and manufacture, as well as one year of its performance testing development, the correlative problems to the testing and machine have been resolved successfully. The gear angular position resolution can reach 4.88×10–6 degrees, and the data acquisition speed can reach 1800 Hz. The developed universal gear test facility is capable of the gear transmission error test for 0~10N-m loaded to the testing gear pair and has good repeatability. After completing many times of tests on fifteen gear pairs with different specifications or combinations of gears under 0~10N-m loads, some clear trends and experimental results of the relationship between the transmission errors and loads are obtained in this study. It is really a great improvement on gear noise for industry. In this research, transmission error tests and analyses under center distance variations and different gear crossed angle for spur gear pairs are also performed and received substantial results. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The relationship between the variation of gear transmission error and its load is near lineal. The variation of gear transmission error is related with gear tooth stiffness and the pitch diameter. Higher stiffness will get smaller variation of gear transmission errors. For same torque, larger pitch diameter will get lower tooth normal force and get smaller variation of transmission error. (2) The experiment result has proved that the gear transmission error will be increased due to the gear crossed angle increased.