人格特質、態度、風險感認與大專生機車危險駕駛行為之關係

Abstract

本研究為探討影響機車危險駕駛行為之因子，應用結構方程模式瞭解影響因子間之因果關係，並辨析出具有高事故風險的機車駕駛族群。內容分為兩大部分，第一部分：蒐集民國92年至96年全國大專院校因交通事故死亡之學生數為前32名學校之機車死亡事故（共計313件），分析造成這些大專學生死亡之機車事故特性。大專學生機車死亡事故概況顯示，一年級、男性為事故主要族群，而事故通常於照明、天候及視距良好的道路上發生，可見道路環境因素並非主要造成事故發生之原因。第二部分：以92至96年五年間因交通事故死亡人數超過10人之高死亡學校學生，與同年間零死亡或是只有一人死亡之低死亡學校學生為樣本進行問卷調查，有效樣本共計732份；找出影響機車危險駕駛行為之相關因子，建構出與機車危險駕駛行為相關之因果模式，並且利用結構方程模式進行驗證。問卷調查分析結果顯示，男性與女性以及有無機車事故經驗之學生於態度及機車危險駕駛行為，有較為顯著的差異存在；顯示男性較女性易有不正確的交通安全態度，同時也較常有機車危險駕駛行為之發生。有無機車事故經驗之學生也有前述之特性。結構方程模式的驗證則顯示，機車危險駕駛行為會受到風險感認及對於交通安全的態度所影響，而風險感認及對於交通安全的態度則又會受到人格特質所影響，因此可以推論人格特質為大專生機車危險駕駛行為最源頭之影響因素。

The contents of this study have two parts. First part: the analysis of the college students’ motorcycle fatal accidents which include 313 samples. Second part: indentification of factors that influence motorcyclists’ risky riding behavior and to built causal relationship of motorcyclists’ risky riding behavior by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) as a means of assessing the model. A questionnaire survey was carried out among 732 college students. The questionnaire included measures of risk perceptions, attitudes towards traffic safety and self-reported risk-taking when riding motorcycles. Personality measures included sensation-seeking, aggression, anxiety, altruism and normlessness. The results show that the college freshman and male are more likely to be involved in a motorcycle fatal accident. Besides, accidents often happened on well visible surroundings and in good weather condition. The results of structural equation modeling suggested that the relation between the personality traits and risky riding behavior was mediated through attitudes and risk perceptions. On this basis, it was concluded that personality primarily influences risky riding behavior indirectly through affecting the attitudinal determinants and risk perceptions of the behavior.