憤怒駕駛傾向之量測與人格特質及性別角色之影響

Abstract

憤怒駕駛是一種相當危險之駕駛行為，對駕駛人本身或其他用路人均造成相當嚴重之交通安全威脅。憤怒駕駛行為之發生除了與駕駛之人格特質有關外，道路上交通狀況及其他用路人之行為等外來之刺激往往也是誘發憤怒駕駛之重要因素。本研究基於推動全民安全駕駛之需要，擬透過系統化之探索，嘗試了解國人之憤怒駕駛傾向及其影響因素，以協助相關對策之研擬。本研究首先利用試題反應理論，以駕駛中可能面臨之情緒刺激情境為試題，透過問卷收集駕駛人之可能情緒反應與因應行為，以發展「量測駕駛人憤怒駕駛傾向」之量表。繼而透過Eysenck所發展之人格特質量表，嘗試探索衝動性、冒險性與同理心對發生憤怒駕駛行為的影響。另配合過去研究發現性別角色對處理情緒事務之不同行為表現方式，本研究亦納入性別角色之課題，探討性別角色對憤怒駕駛傾向之影響。 本研究發現直接敵意的情境最易激怒駕駛人，而非直接影響之侵略性駕駛行為對駕駛人之憤怒激發為最低。在個人背景因素部分，駕駛經驗的累積能增進道路上突發狀況的處置能力，也降低駕駛在面對交通狀況時憤怒感的激發，使其較理性的處理行車時所遇到的突發狀況；事故經驗的累積對於駕駛在面對交通的突發狀況時，較能以理性的態度去處理；本研究利用駕駛年資來區分新手與老手，且發現新手面對道路交通狀況時，較易用激烈或挑釁手段來回應，如按喇叭、閃燈甚至大聲咆哮與比出不雅手勢等；過去遭受違規取締之駕駛族群會較其他人來得低。 在迴歸模式的構建部分，駕駛年資可視為駕駛經驗之良好說明變數，駕駛年資越久對其憤怒感與反應行為都有顯著降低之現象，負面行車經驗主要僅影響於憤怒感之多元迴歸模式。在人格特質部份，本研究亦發現憤怒駕駛傾向會受個人之「冒險性」顯著影響；而反應行為意向之強度則受個人之「衝動性」影響；然同理心僅在憤怒感的羅吉斯迴歸模式中，具有負向的因果關係。性別角色僅在憤怒感的多元迴歸模式中具有顯著關係，女性化角色之憤怒感顯著較低，而未分化角色較高。本研究之結果期望能提供學校教育及駕訓教育中，如何教導民眾了解何種駕駛行為易造成衝突與事故的發生，也可透過政策的宣導，來減緩人格特質所造成憤怒駕駛傾向之影響及他車危險駕駛行為對本身情緒的波動。

Angry driving is a kind of extremely dangerous driving behavior. The angry driving behavior's occurrence reason besides with driver's personality, as well as the stimulus outside from traffic condition and others’ driving behavior is the important factor frequently. This research first using the Item Response Theory, taking the possible situation about mood stimulation in driving process as a question, collects driver's possible anger and the response behavior by the questionnaire design, uses to develop questionnaire of “Measuring for the propensity of angry driving.” Using personality questionnaire from Eysenck developed in 1985, we attempt to explore how Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness and Empathy influence the angry driving behavior, and also integrated topic of the gender-role to discuss how gender-role influence the propensity of angry driving. This study find out drivers will be angriest in the situation of direct hostility. The study results show. Beginners”,” the driver drives less than 10,000kms per year” , “no violation experience”,” no conflict experience”,” no accident experience” are most likely to make drivers angry. For structuring Regression Model, seniority was found to reduce the propensity of angry driving. Through influence from personality, Venturesomeness has a great effect upon level of anger; also Impulsiveness has a great effect upon strength of reaction. It was lower level of anger for female-Role drivers than undifferentiated ones. This research hoped that results can provide for the school and driver education, and lets the people understand which driving behavior is easy to create the conflict and occurrence of accident. By the related topics for discussion and the guidance from policy, we can reduce the impact of propensity of angry driving from personality and others’ danger driving behavior.