以實驗比較推式系統與拉式系統在供應鏈之績效

Abstract

在供應鏈中對供應商、製造商、配銷商或零售商而言以低庫存滿足客戶需求是他們的主要營運目標，公司為了達成此目標，通常會採取兩種最常見的策略：(1).預測未來客戶需求並依其數量進行生產或補貨（推式系統）；(2).依照實際客戶需求量進行生產或補貨（拉式系統）。而大多數的公司都採用前者，雖然拉式系統的可行性在許多研究或企業都得到驗證，但管理者始終懷疑在需求變化大的環境下拉式系統是否能有效運作。本研究模擬一個符合實務環境的供應鏈系統，邀請30組（90位實驗者）具有實務經驗的業界人士來進行實驗。實驗結果證實造成績效差的主因不是需求變化，而是管理方式（推式系統或拉式系統）。若採用拉式系統（設定適當的目標庫存水位並以實際需求做為下單數量）的管理方式，即使在需求變化大的供應鏈環境下，依然能達到以低庫存滿足客戶需求的目標。

In the supply chain of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors or retailers having low inventory with higher availability is a primary objective. In order to achieve the primary objective, they usually choose two strategies: (1).In accordance with forecasting the future customer demand for production or replenishment (push system); (2).In accordance with the actual customer demand for production or replenishment (pull system). The majority of companies are using the former. Although the pull system’s feasibility obtains the verified in many research or the enterprise, but the manager still suspected the high variability of demand can be handled with pull system. In this study, a simulation environment with the practice of supply chain systems, inviting thirty teams (90 participants) from local companies participated in the experiment. The experimental results verify that the principal factor for poor performance caused by method of managing supply chain (push system or pull system). Given a proper target inventory level and replenish the inventory based on actual demand can achieve the primary objective of lower inventory with higher availability.