網路時代通訊監察與個人資料保護之法制研究

Abstract

通訊監察為警方偵查中相當重要之手段，以往對於傳統電話之通訊監察，已行之多年，亦有通訊監察中心負責統合通訊監察相關事宜，制度上相對成熟。但針對近年來興起的各種網路通訊，不論在通訊監察的技術或是法制上，皆尚未建立標準及程序，造成警方辦案之困難，及侵害人權之憂慮。

故本文以現行通訊保障及監察法之規定為基礎，詳細討論針對網路通訊監察所應遵守之程序規範，並介紹目前實務運作之狀況，以及所遇到之困難。對於警方所遇到之困難，以及人權保障之問題，本文介紹美國體制化之網路通訊監察，作為我國之參考，並提供建議及解決方案，希冀未來在網路通訊監察之部分，能建立一套完整、成熟之制度，兼顧犯罪偵查及人權保障這兩個國家重要利益。

另一方面，與通訊監察息息相關的通聯記錄保存，亦為警方不可或缺的偵察方式。隨著網路時代的來臨，通聯記錄的範圍及重要性日與劇增，已漸漸涉及人權保障之核心，面對如此的改變，現行法制顯然不足因應，而有修正之必要，以符合實務之需求以及保護人民之資訊隱私。

Electronic surveillance is a crucial method for criminal investigation which has been utilized for several years. There is also a competent authority responsible for all surveillance monitoring and supervising. However, as the rapid development of Internet communications, it seems that both the technology and legislation does not quite follow the step of innovation, causing difficulties of criminal investigation. It also raises the concern of the right of privacy.

Therefore, this article starts out from the current wiretap law of our country, discussing the procedural and practical issues of surveillance on Internet communication, analyzing problems that polices encounter and the possible threat to the right of privacy. Furthermore, this article presents the system of Internet surveillance in United States to help us understanding how others operate and evaluate the whole system.

In the end, this article provide some suggestions and opinions toward those issues and problems above, hoping that our country can soon establish a complete system and legal frameworks of surveillance on Internet communications, and find a balance between criminal investigation and protection of human right.