朵拉的妹妹:研究瑪格麗特•愛特伍的《雙面葛蕾斯》為“歇斯底里案例分析的片斷

Abstract

這篇論文是於精神分析的框架下研究《雙面葛蕾斯》。將此小說當ㄧ個歇斯底里的個案來分析的靈感主要是來自於Ruth Parkin Gounelas以互文方式閱讀文學與精神分析的文章”歇斯里底的主體”，收錄於《文學與精神分析:互文閱讀》。 在精神分析的理論下 (尤其是佛洛伊德和拉岡的理論)，我認為小說主角葛蕾斯是歇斯底里的患者。將小說當歇斯底里個案來分析，此論文闡述葛蕾斯歇斯底里的病因及其發病徵狀、喬登醫生的前精神分析方法、和分析葛蕾斯及喬登的夢。 全文共分成五章。第一章簡述《雙面葛蕾斯》和評論家對小說的解讀。第二章剖析葛蕾斯歇斯底里的病因及其發病徵狀、維多利亞時代對歇斯底里病人的治療和喬登醫生的前精神分析方法。第三章包括佛洛伊德對夢和歇斯底里間關聯的闡述，以此為出發點分析葛蕾斯及喬登的夢。第四章是從佛洛伊德理論到拉岡理論來分析，包括拉岡四種話語的概念、佛洛伊德和拉岡對情感移轉/反移轉的觀點，希望從不同觀點分析葛蕾斯•馬克個案。最後，結尾以精神分析的觀點解釋葛蕾斯在喬登醫生離開後的心理狀態和婚後的”幸福生活”。證明了葛蕾斯個案是以失敗收場，亦即歇斯底里案例分析的片斷。

In this thesis, I read Alias Grace within the framework of psychoanalysis, a reading inspired by the psychoanalytical approach adopted by Ruth Parkin Gounelas’ “The Subject of Hysteria” in Literature and Psychoanalysis: Intertextual Reading, whose method inspires me to read the novel as a case of hysteria. Following her methodology of the intertextual reading of literature and psychoanalysis, I consider Grace as a hysteric in terms of psychoanalytical theories, especially those of Freud’s and Lacan’s. Reading Alias Grace as a fragment of an analysis of a case of hysteria, I illustrate the etiology of Grace’s hysteria and symptoms, Dr. Jordan’s proto-psychoanalytic techniques, Grace’s and Dr. Jordan’s dreams. Transferring from Freud to Lacan, I show how Lacan’s concepts of four discourses and hysterical identification can be applied to Grace’s case, and how transference and counter-transference occur in the analytic situation, which induces the termination of the treatment. This thesis includes five chapters. Chapter one briefly reviews Alias Grace and its critics. Chapter two explicates the aetiology of Grace’s hysteria and symptoms, the treatment of hysteria in the Victorian period, and Dr. Simon Jordan’s proto-psychoanalytic techniques. Chapter three includes an elucidation of Freudian concepts of dream and its relation to hysterical analysis, and focuses on analyzing Grace’s and Dr. Jordan’s dreams. Chapter four is a shift from the Freudian theory to the Lacanian one in the hope of analyzing the case of Grace Marks from a different perspective, including the concepts of the four discourses, hysterical identification, transference and counter-transference. Finally, the conclusion ends with the psychoanalytical explanation of Grace’s mental state after Dr. Jordan’s leaving and “the happy life” of Grace after marriage. It proves that Grace’s case is a failure, and that my study is a fragment of an analysis of a case of hysteria.