動詞語意及跨框架互動：以中文溝通評論動詞為例

Abstract

近年來，詞彙語意學研究備受重視，已有許多研究根據動詞的個別特殊句法表現，將動詞歸類於不同的類別或次類別 (Fillmore 1971, Levin 1993, Liu, Huang and Lee 1999)。然而先前的研究並未仔細探討並適當解釋具跨類性質的動詞，因此本研究旨在以框架語意的基礎分析具有跨類性質的中文溝通評論動詞，如「讚美」、「批評」、「罵」、「抱怨」等，該組動詞同時承繼評價動詞與溝通動詞的語法及語意特徵。本研究以「框架語意理論」(Fillmore and Atkins 1992)為本，配合「中文動詞語意網」(Liu and Chang 2005, Liu and Chiang 2008)分類原則，深入探討：(一) 中文溝通動詞及評價動詞的跨框架互動情形，(二)溝通評論動詞內部語意及語法關聯性，以及(三)溝通評論動詞的分類架構。透過觀察動詞語意及語法的配搭，以及在概念結構中該動詞所傳達的事件結構與參與者角色(或稱為框架成份Frame Elements)，中文溝通評論動詞可歸類於四個獨立但彼此相關的語意框架中，包括：Comment-Complain Frame、Acclaim-Cheer Frame、Scold-Mock Frame、以及Brag-Self_Blame Frame。本研究認為複雜語意動詞可藉由具體的語意角色、語法結構等異同，分析其跨類性質，希望能對語言中跨框架動詞提供完整的理論分析模式。

Research on Lexical Semantics has long been developed and recognized. A great number of studies have investigated the syntactic behaviors of different groups of verbs and classified them into different subgroups (Fillmore 1971, Levin 1993, Liu, Huang and Lee 1999). However, some unique verbs exhibiting cross-categorial properties have not been fully studied and adequately defined in previous research. One group of such cross-categorial verbs is the verbs of verbal evaluation, such as ‘praise’, ‘criticize’, ‘blame’, and ‘complain’, which convey both communication and speakers’ evaluative judgment. Lack of theoretical analyses on their unique cross-categoriality in language and detailed and comprehensive description of this class of verbs in Mandarin clearly indicates the significance of this study. The goal of this study, therefore, is to provide a frame-based analysis of Mandarin verbal evaluation verbs which inherit semantic as well as grammatical properties from both the Judgment and Communication domains. Adopting the Frame Semantics approach (Fillmore and Atkins 1992) and the hierarchical frame structures of Mandarin VerbNet (Liu and Chang 2005, Liu and Chiang 2008), this study aims to investigate the cross-frame interactions between communication and judgment verbs, the form-function correlations conceptualized and lexicalized in Mandarin verbal evaluation verbs, and finally, the classifications of Mandarin verbal evaluation verbs. By mapping the syntactic realizations and semantic properties, Mandarin verbal evaluation verbs are classified into four different but interrelated subtypes, based on their profiled eventive distinctions pertaining to the shared background. The four semantic frames of Verbal Evaluation are: Comment-Complain Frame, Acclaim-Cheer Frame, Scold-Mock Frame, and Brag-Self_Blame Frame.To conclude, this study is significant in exploring the complex cross-frame interactions displayed in semantically multi-faceted verbs, ultimately probes into the range of possible frame-to-frame relations in Mandarin.