以主要功能需求導引臨摹學習網路應用系統的軟體架構設計

Abstract

軟體架構設計對於把設計概念應用在實作能力上，並且透過解構、抽象和封裝等概念去簡化整個系統功能需求的複雜度是非常重要的議題。在本篇論文中，我們以「錄影帶租借管理系統」當作我們教學網路應用系統邏輯層設計的教材，來教導學生軟體架構設計的概念。我們主要的教學策略導入了鷹架式教學的理論，導引學生從系統的主要功能需求往細部的元件一一去臨摹，並且在過程中提供必要的鷹架作為輔助。依照這個想法我們發展了一套臨摹式學習系統，我們定義了一個系統需求的知識本體去維護教材的知識架構，並且設計了一套對話式問答的機制去擷取老師設計教材的知識，然後產生出知識本體。接下來，根據我們的教學策略去規劃出臨摹的流程，然後透過教學專家系統去呈現教材內容和提供個人化的學習。最後，實驗結果顯示我們提出的教學策略對於學習軟體架構設計是有效的，而且我們會在未來的研究上加入適性化學習以提供更合適的教學。

Software architecture design is an important issue to transform design concepts into implementation ability, where the ideas of decomposition, abstraction, and encapsulation of functionality are usually used to simplify the complexity of the system’s requirements. This thesis focusing on the logic tier of web-based system uses “Video Rental Management System (VRMS)” as our teaching case to teach learners how to design the software architecture. Major-Requirement-First strategy (MRFS), the main idea of this thesis, applies scaffolding instruction theory to guide learners imitating the system architecture design from major functionalities of VRMS to detailed components by providing all the necessary scaffolds. Based upon MRFS, we develop the Major-Requirement-First Imitating Learning System (MRFILS), where a knowledge structure of VRMS is constructed and maintained according to System Requirement Ontology (SRO), and the Recursive Descent Dialog Approach (RDDA) is proposed to acquire the teacher’s knowledge of teaching cases and generate the SRO. Accordingly, the schedule of an imitating procedure can present the learning materials and provide personalized learning for learners with guidance using an Object-Oriented Learning Activity (OOLA) System. Finally, the experimental results show that our teaching approach is useful for learners to gain the software architecture design concepts of VRMS, and we will add adaptive learning in MRFILS for the future work.