台灣地區銀行經營績效之分析-以泛公股銀行與民營銀行為例

Abstract

本研究以銀行業財務指標之連結與獲利能力之關聯性，利用多變量解析法觀察分析財務指標的動態變化，嘗試為樣本銀行過去11年的經營結果作判斷，蒐集台灣地區前17大商業銀行中的14家作為研究的樣本(未含中華開發工業銀行、上海商業儲蓄銀行及花旗銀行)，包括2家純公股、6家公營銀行及民營銀行6家，其中公營銀行係以主要董監事、主要負責人由財政部主導即政府持股比率達20%以上的為研究對象，研究期間自民國八十七年到九十七年共計十一年，中央銀行公布的「本國銀行營運績效季報」，其中19個代表性財務指標，以因素分析主成分分析法萃取出五個共同因素，設計出因素權重，再將萃取出之變數予以標準化百分位排序，相乘加總後求算出各樣本經營績效之總分，加以規劃分析，結果發現： 1、公股民營化銀行的短期經營績效不一定會高於公股銀行的短期經營績效。 2、民營銀行的短期經營績效會高於泛公股銀行的短期經營績效。 3、公股民營化銀行的長期經營績效會高於公股銀行的長期經營績效。 4、民營銀行的長期經營績效會高於泛公股銀行的長期經營績效。 從上面的結果發現，發展良好且具有遠見的經營原則，最終將形成穩健的風險管理，其風險的容忍度相當明確，在金融風暴下會凸顯其經營績效。

This research uses a multivariate analysis of variance to analyze a bank’s operational performances and profitability with five principal financial indicators. To achieve this task, fourteen banks (as study cases) are first sampled from the top seventeen banks in Taiwan to judge their past eleven-year operational performances. The sample data does not include the China Development Industrial Bank, the Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, LTD, and the Citibank in Taiwan. Details of them include two Government Banks, six Privatization of Government Banks, and six Private Banks, where a Government Banks means its representative should be assigned by the Ministry of Finance (or the share ratio owned by government is larger than 20%). The study period is eleven years (starting from 1998 to 2008). Based on the season report of Condition and Performance of Domestic Banks in Taiwan, from its nineteen main financial and performance ratios, we use the principle component analysis to extract five common factors. Through weighting, normalization, and sorting, these factors are further combined to form a novel performance index for operational performance analysis. Four important results were found from this analysis, that is: 1. The short-term operational performance of Privatization of Government Banks is not certainly larger than Government Banks. 2. The short-term operational performance of Private Banks is often larger than Government Banks or Privatization of Government Banks. 3. The long-term operational performance of Privatization of Government Banks is often larger than Government Banks. 4. The long-term operational performance of Private Banks is often larger than Government Banks or Privatization of Government Banks . To sum up, a good and well-developing vision will provide superior performances and risk controls for a bank’s operation, especially under the conditions of financial storm.