石門水庫上游集水地區魚類指標生物之研究

Abstract

本文使用「石門水庫集水區整治工程生態監測及評估計畫研究報告書」中的資料，使用德爾菲法之概念來遴選指標生物，施作過程中邀請多位專家學者做問卷，經過不斷的修正問卷並發行問卷，遴選出石門水庫集水區水域之指標生物排名。並利用伴隨豐富度選出另一種指標生物排名，以伴隨豐富度排名與出現頻率排名，探討與專家所遴選的指標生物排名彼此之關係，而進一步提出使用這兩種方法決定的指標生物適用範圍。 本文於水庫集水區選區七條溪流作研究範圍，使用德爾菲問卷與伴隨豐富度兩種方法決定的指標生物。使用德爾菲問卷，可得出各溪指標生物排名，前一、二名主要皆為台灣石(魚賓)與台灣鏟頜魚。分析得知問卷排名與伴隨豐富度排名呈現負相關，皮爾森相關性（r）為-0.558∼-0.985；且問卷排名與出現頻度排名呈現正相關，皮爾森相關性（r）為0.419∼0.941，顯示問卷遴選出的指標生物是屬較常出現之物種，表示在各種棲地條件容忍程度較高，故以台灣石(魚賓)與台灣鏟頜魚施作移地復育較易得到成效。 以伴隨豐富度方式遴選，其伴隨豐富度較高的物種，則出現頻度較低，屬狹域性指標生物。因出現頻度較低，通常表示棲地條件需求較嚴苛，以此作為棲地營造參考，所營造的棲地環境，可滿足大部分生物的棲地條件需求，達到棲地的物種多樣性效果。

The study uses the data utilized Delphi Method to choose indicator organisms from「Study the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation of Stream Project on the Tributaries of the Shihmen Reservoir」. During the process, we invite many experts to fill in questionnaires, revise questionnaires constantly, and publish questionnaires to choose the rank of indicator organisms of Shihmen Reservoir’s catchment area. To investigate the rank of foregoing indicator organisms and another one according to accompanied richness and frequency. Then, we decide to use two methods of biological indicators of the scope further. The study range of the article chooses seven streams in reservoir’s catchment area, uses Delphi Questionnaire and accompanied richness to decide indicator organisms. We understand that the first and second of the rank of indicator organisms are Acrossocheilus paradoxus and Scaphesthes barbatulus. It is a negative relationship between the rank of questionnaires and accompanied richness, Pearson correlation is -0.606∼-0.952. It is a positive relationship between the rank of questionnaires and frequency, Pearson correlation is 0.477∼0.894. It shows that indicator organisms belong to frequent species chosen by questionnaires, and have high tolerance in variety of habitat conditions. So, restoring Acrossocheilus paradoxus and Scaphesthes barbatulus is more easier. The species with higher accompanied richness chosen by accompanied richness has lower frequency of occurrence. Because of lower frequency of occurrence, the demand of habitat conditions is usually more stringent. Above mentioned, we create the habitat which can satisfy the most of the biological needs of the habitat conditions and effect the habitat of species diversity.