論形容詞為謂語的特殊祈使句式

Abstract

本論文旨在討論漢語特殊的祈使句式—以形容詞為謂語的祈使句。此類祈使句以形容詞作為謂語，與其它自然語言以動詞作為謂語有相當大的不同。然本文將證明此種特殊的祈使句式看似特殊，但其實並未不凡。仔細考究此種特殊祈使句時發現，它除了「祈使」意涵外，尚且包含「自我比較」的意味。採用Liu (2007)對X A-le D 比較結構的看法， 出現在此特殊祈使句中的形容詞同樣經過移位並與輕動詞「EXCEED」結合成動詞，藉此符合自然語言中祈使句必須以動詞作為謂語核心的要求。

The adjective-imperative construction, containing adjectival predicates, is considered as a special type of imperative found in Mandarin Chinese (henceforth, the A-imperative construction). It simply consists of APs and seemingly does not follow the strict VP constraint found in imperatives of other languages. Moreover, the A-imperative construction, in addition to requests, is found to convey a sense of self-comparison. Adopting Liu’s (2007) analysis of the Chinese individual exceed comparative, it is argued that the A-imperative construction involves an ExceedP in the syntactic structure, too. Adjectives occurring in this construction incorporate to this vP head and form verbs. Namely, adjectives in this construction are verbs in disguise. The A-imperative construction, just like imperatives in other languages, strictly follows the VP constraint. It is an imperative clause type without doubt.