隱喻和尋路策略傾向對空間知識建構的影響 – 以 Google Earth 街景服務為例

Abstract

本研究針對 Google Earth 街景服務，探討在混合實境中提供結構性隱喻時， 對不同尋路策略傾向的尋路者，在空間知識建構上會有什麼影響，同時探討認知 性地標在空間知識建構上的適用性。本研究採用 Hsu 和 Boling (2007) 提出的隱喻設計架構，以台北市的「第一街區」為實驗實體環境，在 Google Earth 街景服務中提供「第一街區書城」的結構性隱喻，讓方位策略傾向/路徑策略傾向的尋路者，分別在採用和不採用描述性結構隱喻的 Google Earth 街景服務中，透過尋路過程建構空間知識。

研究結果發現，認知地標確實能協助建構空間知識，但尋路者偏好使用的地 標，未必具備較多的地標特性 (視覺、結構、認知)，主觀偏好或經驗仍有很大 的影響力。其次，環境複雜性會侷限不同尋路策略傾向者可運用的空間資訊，影 響空間知識的完整度。同時，結構性隱喻可協助路徑策略傾向者建構空間知識， 但反而會影響方位策略傾向者的空間知識建構，原因可能在於有無主動處理資訊 的動機。最後，在象徵空間隱喻中，必須確保描述性隱喻與圖像隱喻的一致性， 才能有效提升空間知識建構的效率。

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of structural metaphors and wayfinding strategies on the construction of spatial knowledge as well as the efficacy of cognitive landmarks under mixed reality context. The “First Street Area” in Taipei was chosen as the environment for exploration through Google Earth Street View. A mega bookstore metaphor was created based on the design framework proposed by Hsu & Boling (2007). Subjects of orientation and route wayfinding strategies were allocated individually to the conditions with structural metaphors applied or not. Cognitive load and spatial knowledge were measured.

According to the results, while cognitive landmarks could be the backbone of spatial knowledge, personal preference and experience affected the choices of landmarks as well. Also, difference in wayfinding strategies would influence how well one could take advantage of spatial information in environments with various levels of complexity. Besides, only wayfinders of route strategy would benefit from the structural metaphors. The spatial knowledge of wayfinders with orientation strategy, on the other hand, degraded possibly due to the lack of motivation. For the combination of descriptive metaphor and model-world metaphor, incompatibility between visual and verbal metaphors should be avoided. Otherwise, the development of domain of interest might be hampered.