基於非侵入式負載監測技術之智慧家庭/建築管理系統設計考量與實務研究

Abstract

家庭自動化系統藉由安裝各式感測器與促動器為使用者帶來舒適、安全與節能的生活環境。然而傳統的家庭自動化系統無法獲得電器運作狀態資訊，因此所能提供的服務相當有限。當家庭自動化系統能夠取得電器狀態資訊，將能偵測使用者操作電器的習慣甚至是改變使用者不好的用電習慣。因此在本研究中，提出將非侵入式負載監控技術與家庭閘道器整合，提升家庭自動化系統的功能。非侵入式負載監控技術能夠以低廉的成本分析家中某一迴路的電壓與總電流變化，從變化中判別各電器之運作狀態，因此可透過單一電錶提供家庭閘道器各個電器的耗電情形。本研究設計與實作出一以OSGi為基礎的家庭閘道器系統，透過整合具備非侵入式負載監控技術之智慧電錶、感測器與促動器來提供智慧家庭應用中所需的網頁服務。本研究同時利用這套閘道器系統設計設備狀態間關聯性之探勘演算法，找出電器、感測器與促動器間的關聯性，針對不同的家庭設備組合來建議合適的自動化服務、自動分析電器運作於哪個房間、幫助非侵入式負載監控技術蒐集新電器狀態的特徵值。本研究所實作出來的系統顯示透過整合非侵入式負載監控技術可以大幅提升智慧家庭系統的功能，並減少使用者設定的負擔。

Home automation system which installs a number of sensors and actuators in houses is proposed not only for providing home comfort and security but can be also used for saving energy. However, conventional home automation system does not have operating state information of appliances, so home automation services are thus become very limited. For example, without appliance operating state, home automation system is unable to detect the users' behaviors in using appliances and to advice users how to adjust their habits of using power. In this thesis, we suggest to integrate the nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) technologies into home gateway. The NILM system provides a low-cost solution to disaggregate the power consumptions of a house into individual appliances and provides detail operating state information of each appliance in the house. We design and implement an Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi)-based home gateway system integrating NILM smart meters, sensors and actuators to provide web services for smart home and buildings. Based on the framework, we present an algorithm to mine the associations between appliances, sensors and actuators. The associations can be used to suggest appropriate services to different houses, to locate home appliances in a particular room, and to help an NILM system to collect the signatures of unknown appliances. Our prototype system demonstrates that the functionalities of a smart home/building system can be significantly improved by integrating NILM technologies.