以美國國際貿易委員會專利訴訟進行專利評價因素之研究

Abstract

專利權之本質，為一種專利權人專有「製造」、「販賣」、「為販賣之要約」、「使用」及「進口」之排他權。由上得知，專利權的價值實質上包含兩種層面：其一為技術價值，另一則為其權利價值。在美國專利權人遇到專利侵權問題或急迫排除他人侵權行為時，會向美國國際貿易委員會(International Trade Commission,簡稱ITC)依美國關稅法第337條透過行政訴訟程序，提出將侵權物品銷售禁制要求。在專利訴訟中專利權的有效性會被受考驗，常被提出再審查申請。在再審查申請要提出新的先前技術為比對資料，此為專利中的「引證資料」。本研究嘗試由實務面切入，由USITC 歷年來專利侵權訴訟之裁決，探討專利引證量及不同專利引證資料如國際標準組織的文件等對專利訴訟判決的影響，藉以探討美國專利的權利價值，及在訴訟案中找出其他有用的資訊，專利訴訟中在那種情況下比較有利於原告或被告，以供企業之規劃美國專利申請、專利佈局與專利授權時，為專利價值的參考因素及訴訟策略規劃。

The value of patent right has two sides, one is technical value and the other is right value. Validation of Patent Right will be test by the reexamination in the lawsuit. The reexamination will use more prior arts to exam the validity of patent and these prior arts are not cited by the application processing. The references cited of the patent have three types of citation information which are U.S patent document, foreign patent document and other publication. The relation of the number of references cited attitude or cited standard organization document with judgment can be observed while awarding from the patent lawsuit. The aim of this study is to discuss the patent valuation with the relationship between the number of citation references and the patent lawsuit with USITC award of the action for patent infringement over the years. This study can be used for the evaluation of patent when the company goes to license, merge or make a strategy of lawsuit.