鸞堂型村廟的儀典與組織：以苗栗頭屋雲洞宮為例

Abstract

關於鸞堂信仰的學者研究，大多著墨於鸞堂系統的發展、民間宗教信仰的轉 變、鸞書呈現的儒教意識等話題。本文以文獻探討、田野調查與深度訪談研究， 藉由雲洞宮天神良福、年中慶讚中元祭典、與年末最盛大的聖佛登龕紀念禳燈平 安酬福禮懺法會的參與觀察、訪談與祭典儀式資料，鋪陳了雲洞宮的祭祀活動， 藉此提供鸞堂研究的不同視野。

筆者結合祭祀圈、祭祀組織、公廟、地域社會的概念，討論雲洞宮村廟祭典 的地域特性、與職能日益擴大的管理組織，再由雲洞宮複雜且多元的祭典儀式， 呈現鸞堂型村廟與公廟的變遷過程。

同時，透過歷史文獻與雲洞宮的鸞書及廟史沿革，筆者回溯了雲洞宮的歷史 軌跡，發現雲洞宮施勸堂由鸞堂到公廟的轉變。雲洞宮在地方仕紳與文人儒士的 主導下，鸞堂呈現跨區域文人結社的特質。雖曾中斷鸞堂問事，但鸞堂的宗教信 仰特質並未淡化。藉由管理委員會的積極運作，鸞務與問事不斷擴張；並於民國 七十年代扶鸞著書《雲箴寶鑑》，成為近三十年來台灣極為稀少珍貴的鸞書，清 楚呈現雲洞宮擴展成為跨區域公廟的強烈企圖心。

總之，藉由雲洞宮鸞堂型村廟的儀典與祭祀組織，確實能更細膩地剖析以雲 洞宮為信仰核心的祭祀圈現象；然而，本研究認為必須再增加信仰背後地方社會 史之貫時性研究，才更足以解釋鸞堂歷史長期的變遷現象。

According to recent researches on Phoenix Hall’s religious belief, most of them focus on Phoenix Hall’s system development, local change of religious belief, and Phoenix Hall’s Books on Confucianism study. This thesis starts with literature review, field survey, a number of interviews, followed by several participation observations of annual ceremonies include of Heaven god blessing, Ghost Festival celebration, rituals at the end of the year, to provide an alternative view on Phoenix Hall’s research.

With the theories of religious sphere, temple organization, public temple, and local society, the author discusses the region characteristics of the religious ceremony, growing organization of management, the complex and multi-dimensional religious activities to illustrate the transitions from Phoenix Hall type village temple to regional temple.

Besides, with the literature review, the history of Yundong temple and contents of Phoenix Book, the author discovered the changes of Yundong temple from Phoenix Hall to village temple .The Yundong temple was operated by local gentries, so Phoenix Hall has features of multi-region characteristics. Although the affairs of consulting in Phoenix Hall has been interrupted for a while, the characteristics of the religious belief is still solid and clear. With the aggressive operation of Management Committee, the Phoenix Hall’s affairs of consulting has grown gradually. In 1970’s, the publication of Phoenix Book named “Yun Zhen Bao Jian” had became the most valuable and precious Phoenix Book in recent three decades in Taiwan.

In summary, with the religious ceremony and worshipping committee of Yundong temple Phoenix Hall-type village temple, it definitely can express the core value of Yundong temple’s religious belief. owever, the thesis believes with the more consideration on sociology behind the religious belief, we can explain the long term’s transition process of Phoenix Hall.