營建聯合承攬出資比例分析模式之研究

Abstract

因應營建市場國際化及工程大型化趨勢，聯合承攬已成為營建業常用之組織模式，聯合承攬方式可凝聚工程資源，將高風險的專案轉換成可吸引承包商的專案，故聯合承攬模式之承攬方式在目前台灣營建市場之功能日趨重要。聯合承攬為營造廠間之合作，夥伴間之出資比例(含資金、技術及勞務等)，為合作是否成局之關鍵，並影響合作雙方於專案中之風險分擔、資源貢獻、控制權、組織型態等，進一步反應於專案整體績效。 然目前聯合承攬出資比例並無明確之分析及決策模式，多由雙方以口頭方式協議，在決定聯合承攬夥伴間出資比例之前，多未針對專案及聯合承攬夥伴間之情況進行分析，僅由決策者以主觀認定之方式協議雙方之出資比例，此種情況造成雙方之資源無法做最有效的運用。 本研究藉由實證方式，調查各聯合承攬商之出資比例，配合統計分析技術，得出結論如下： 1. 聯合承攬之企業群集可依公司規模及聯合承攬經驗分為四類，國外企業分為規模大且JV經驗豐富(CA1)及規模中具JV經驗(CA2)兩類，國內企業分為規模小稍具JV經驗(CA3)及模極小無JV經驗(CA4)兩類，其中聯合承攬組合以CA1+CA3之組合為最多。 2. 影響聯合承攬出資比例最重要之三項伙伴條件依序為企業形象、技術能力、市場知識/管道；本地廠商與外國廠商之主要考量因素存在顯著差異，本地廠商重視之考量因素前三項為技術能力、企業形象、管理能力，外國廠商則重視市場知識/管道、過去聯盟經驗、企業形象。 3. 聯合承攬出資比例受公司規模、過去聯合承攬經驗及主要管理人員學經歷影響，可達成專案總效用最大之聯合承攬出資比例範圍介於45％∼55％之間。

According to the trend towards international construction market and large-scale construction, joint venture becomes a popular pattern of the construction industry. It can gather resources and turn the high-risk projects into the attractive ones, therefore the model of joint venture is more and more important in the current Taiwan construction market. The key points to reaching an joint venture agreement are based on how to team up with the other construction corporations and their contribution ratio (includes capital, technique and labor). Furthermore, the risk sharing, resource contribution, control power, organization patterns are also not the ignorable factors, which will impact the entire project performance. Nevertheless, talking about the issue of equity sharing, there are not accurate analysis and policy decision among the current joint venture cases; normally, partners are in agreement orally. Before they have decided the equity sharing, there is hardly any analysis focusing on the project’s and partners’ conditions. It is quite surprised that the decision of equity sharing is made by the policymaker’s subjectiveness and it is a pity that their resource can’t be functioned efficiently. This study investigates the equity sharing of joint ventures in Taiwan and uses the statistic analysis to conclude as fallowing: 1. The corporations in these joint ventures could be classified in four groups by corporation size and joint venture experiences. The foreign corporations are classified in large corporation size with much joint venture experience group (CA1) and middle corporation size with joint venture experience group (CA2). The local corporations are classified in small corporation size with less joint venture experience group (CA3) and very small corporation size with no joint venture experience group (CA4). 2. The most important three factors that affect the equity sharing of joint venture is corporation reputation, technical capabilities and market knowledge/access. There is much different in the view of local and foreign corporations. The most important three factors for local corporations are technical capabilities; corporation reputation and management capability and the most important three factors of foreign corporations are market knowledge/access, previous joint venture experience, and corporation reputation. 3. The equity sharing of joint venture is affected by corporation size, previous joint venture experience and the experience of key management. The appropriate equity sharing which can make project performance maximal is between 45% and 55%.