大型體育場觀眾席避難安全性能評估之研究以台北大巨蛋為例

Abstract

本研究利用性能式設計法來進行體育場觀眾席人員逃生避難檢討，首先探討案例的建築物內部設計條件，如觀眾席配置、步行距離、出口寬度、觀眾席數等，接著進行案例逃生避難時間分析，探討案例中逃生動線設計、驗證方法種類、人員逃生情形及逃生效率之改善，藉由三種性能設計法針對建築物作為避難設計之先期評估，將模擬結果以圖表及數據量化與原設計模型進行比對分析，並提出建議修正方案，在符合經濟效益且合理的需求下，達到建築物避難安全之最佳化設計。 本研究案例分析架構可分為避難驗證方法之比較、避難設施配置對逃生之影響、逃生效率改善等。案例分析結論可分為以下幾點： 1.對於人員大量集中的建築物，經驗公式為設計階段可快速提供設計者作為初步逃生安全設計的參考依據，但仍需進一步進行電腦動態模擬方能瞭解避難節點位置，進行設計修正。 2.有效的避難分區計畫，可平衡整體避難設施使用率，有助於縮短人員逃生時間，逃生效率約可改善10.71％∼54.5％。 3.觀眾席若欲達到快速疏散之目的，除了走道寬度的配置必須對應此區域觀眾席總席數外，對於樓層內直通樓梯位置、出口位置及避難動線轉折多寡，更是產生避難節點相當關鍵之因素。 4.經驗公式無法呈現建築物內部空間複雜度，計算結果較為理想化，而Simulex軟體可依照建築內部空間進行模擬，仍受於軟體基本假設限制，則視建築物內部空間複雜度情形而有逃生時間拉長的誤差產生，建議應在模擬前進行不合理之逃生路徑修正。

This study analyzes occupant evacuation time in stadium auditoriums by utilizing performance-based design method. Firstly, it discusses the internal safety design conditions of the building, such as auditorium configuration, walking distance, exit width, and auditorium quantity. Then it analyzes occupant evacuation time and explores the design of evacuate moving route, Authentication method, occupant evacuation situation and evacuation efficiency improvement. This study uses three kinds of performance based design method to evaluate for egress design in advance. To compare the simulation results with original model, based on cost efficiency and reasonable demand, and then provide the best suggestion. The framework of this study includes comparison of refuge authentication method, the Influences of refuge facility configuration on the escaping and how to improve the fleeing efficiency. The following conclusions are obtained by this research： 1.When staff concentrate in the building, we can apply equation to evacuation safety designing preliminary and then dynamic programming in egress simulates is necessary that in order to find the evacuation node and avoided. 2.Effective zoning evacuation planning can adjust the facility usage rate and can speed up fleeing time. Per the study, the evacuation efficiency can be improved 10.71%~54.5%. 3.The aisle width need matched auditoriums to accomplich quick evacuation but more importantly , stairs location, exit location and amounts of evacuate routing bend are also be considered as well for avoiding evacuation node. 4.The calculation result is too idealized because equation can’t reply interior space complexities of building. Although Simulex software can applied to evacuation simulation but deviation is still existed due to the limitation of basic assumptions. The suggestion is to revise evacuate moving route before simulation.