網通產業之營運策略族群分析

Abstract

網路通訊產業跨足了半導體、記憶體產業、網通零件業、網通系統商、電信產業等，各產業間成為緊密連結的一環。本研究採用 Tang and Liou(2010)提出的財務指標績效較佳的企業，藉由拆解杜邦恆等式解構出來的十項財務指標來分析企業競爭優勢，歸納網路產業科技的營運策略族群。並以 Standard & Poor Compustat 中的公司財務資訊來檢視網通產業的企業的經營並進行策略族群分群。這些財務指標是企業營運活動的表現，每一個企業因其策略及管理能力的不同，而產生的企業優勢亦不同，這些競爭優勢來自其特有的企業資源組合，而這個特有資源組合稱為「資源構型」。本研究藉由資源構型得以推論其企業的競爭優勢，進而觀察並建言企業可以以此為參考來建立這些企業能力構面。經過分析，網通產業可分為四個能力構面: 智慧資本管理、資產管理、供應商管理、客戶關係管理; 並可分成六個策略族群:智慧資本管理快速反應型、關係優勢前瞻型、資產優勢防禦型、遲鈍反應型、智慧資本管理前瞻型、關係優勢的分析型。 從研究結論可以得知不同管理能力所組成的策略集群之營運績效確實存在顯著差異，其中關係優勢前瞻型、資產優勢的防禦型及關係優勢分析型三類族群明顯優於其他組織型態。但又以關係優勢前瞻型企業族群最為優秀，建議網通產業企業主能以參考此族群所重視的資源分配及管理能力為未來調整之目標，以求較優的營運績效和維持其更好的競爭優勢。

This study mainly examines the strategic groups and competitive advantages of Network Communications Equipment Industry. Through the financial ratios and the decomposition of du Pont formula, the study refers to “Tang, Y.C. and Liou, F.M. (2010),, to construct the different competitive advantages among the competing groups on past financial performance(2006~2010) in Network Communications Equipment Industry. In this study, we demonstrate and figure out that the main resource configuration in Network Communications Equipment Industry consists of the following capabilities: intellectual capital management, supplier relationship management, assets management and client relationship management, and these capabilities above divide the companies into six groups inclusive of intellectual capital-leading with fast reactor group, relation-prevailing prospector group, asset-managing defender group, intellectual capital-leading prospector group and relation-prevailing analyzer group. We conclude that the relation-prevailing prospector group will have a better financial performance than other groups in finance and operation performance, which means only the entrepreneur integrating the supply chain and have know-how technique will create excellent performance. Therefore, we suggest the company in Network Communications Equipment Industry could focus merely on the research and study how to integrate resource configuration to approach better performance and maintain its competitive advantages.