客庄女性創業歷程探究：以新竹北埔哈客愛、竹東阿金姐、新埔柿染坊為例

Abstract

今日客庄女性創業家成功的秘密是什麼？運用「文獻分析法」、「參與觀察法」和「深度訪談法」，我從「地方與產業」、「家族與人格」和「傳承與創新」三個構面來探究新竹三個地方的客庄女性創業家。

這三個案例分別是北埔的哈客愛客家庄茶坊、竹東的阿金姐工作坊和新埔的新埔柿染坊，她們都有自己有趣的故事。首先，這三個案例全都不是土生土長的客家女性，而是三個客家媳婦。此外，第一個案例是夫妻，第二個案例是母女，第三個案例是一群女性好友，這三個案例跟以往大多以血統來看的客家女性創業家就大不相同；同時，這三個案例從事三個不同的產業，第一個是擂茶，第二個是醃製物，第三個是柿染，它們都是屬於食品加工的產品，利用鹽、糖或醋去保存原始的食材。這三個成功的故事都展現了如何運用傳統的客家技藝在企業創新的基因中，我認為這正是客庄女性創業家的核心競爭力。

根據我的研究，我發現北埔的哈客愛客家庄茶坊展現了和地方產業的緊密結合，因為地方政府大力推廣擂茶及自身懂得善用地方政府資源學習擂茶技藝，擂茶產業為地方帶來大量觀光人潮，活絡地方經濟發展，幫助新一代女性創業家；同時，竹東的阿金姐工作坊展現出家族與人格是客庄女性創業家最重要的創新因素，因為是家族企業，且技藝習得來自家中長輩，正是家族的愛凝聚了家族和社區；最後，新埔柿染坊展現出企業的創新與地方產業的文化資產結合最重要，也就是從柿子到柿餅到柿染工藝，它凝聚了在地人與開啟了一個新的農業經濟轉型的典範。

What are the story behind the successful stories of today's female entrepreneurs in the Hakka villages Taiwan? Applying documentary analysis, participative observation, and in-depth interviews, I analyzed three local female entrepreneurs in Hsinchu from three dimensions: locality and industry, family and character, and tradition and creativity.

The studied three examples, Hakka-Love Tea Workshop in Beipu, A-Jin’s Workshop in Chutung and Persimmon Dyeing House in Xinpu, all have their own interesting stories. First, they are not the local Hakka women but the Hakka daughters-in-law. Besides, the first case is a couple, the second case is a mother and a daughter, the third one is a group of female friends. The three cases are different from the traditional Hakka entrepreneur studies, which are based on the blood and family. Also, the three cases are totally different business. The first is Lei-cha Hakka tea, the second is pickled food and the third is persimmon dyeing skill. They are all food processing products that are added salt, sugar, or vinegar to preserve the raw materials. All the three successful stories are about how to apply the traditional Hakka crafting skill into the gene of innovation of new business. In my thoughts, this is exactly the core competence of Hakka female entrepreneurs.

According to my research, I found that the case of Beipu Hakka-Love demonstrates the close relation of local industry. Thanks to the local vigorous promotion, Leicha industry successfully brought a large number of tourists. It advances Beipu local economic development and helps the new generation female entrepreneurs. On the other hand, Jhudong A-jin's workshop shows that "family and personality" is one of the most important innovative factors of female entrepreneurs in the Hakka village. Because of family business and the skills learned from the elder generation, it is family's love that connects the ownership and the community. In the end, the Xinpu Persimmon Dying House shows that business innovation is really close related with the local industrial cultural heritage. It bonds the connection of local people and starts a new perspective of the paradigm shift of agricultural economy.