建築設計與環境知識呈現方式組織架構之研究

Abstract

中文摘要

當設計者進行設計行為時必然有一些設計的基本依據，也就是人類本身所具備的設計知識，這是推動設計行為運作的重要基礎。當設計思考的研究人員為了說明設計者行為時，而從各種不同的角度觀察設計者的設計行為，甚至運用電腦來模擬設計者的設計行為時，就產生了許許多多的設計模型，而這些設計模型也都有著相配合的設計知識組織架構，這些知識組織架構被稱為知識呈現。

若單就電腦模擬設計行為各種研究模型而言，機能-型式轉換模型是一個可實質運作，且能夠說明大部分真實設計行為的電腦模擬系統。當深入觀察其實質的運作情況後，就可以發現系統主要仰賴著存在於內部的設計知識來運作，而這些設計知識呈現方式稱之為設計原型，至於外部的環境影響因素，僅是靠著一些環境參數對設計產生影響。但設計基本上是隨著環境的不同而有不同的結果產生，實際上環境是一個變動的影響因素，會隨著新的事物加入，而產生不同的影響因素，並非固定的影響參數。所以必須考慮將變動的環境影響因子加入設計知識呈現的架構之中，以產生真正合理的設計過程。

其實無論是在人類設計者或是在電腦機能-型式轉換模型中，基本上皆習慣於將設計元素視為一個個不同的物件，這其中即已隱含一種階層架構概念，而一般設計者也很自然的使用這種概念而不自覺，所以在本研究中即引用階層架構概念，建構一個輔助設計模擬系統來將環境影響知識與內部原有的設計原型加以整合，以形一個完整的設計知識呈現系統，來補足機能-型式轉換模型中原來不足的部分。

這個研究僅針對機能-型式轉換模型的知識呈現組織架構作研究，然而要建構一完整的設計知識呈現系統，其實還有許多如設計原型間的即時互動影響，以及設計者對設計原型定義的掌控能力等，都是尚待研究的問題。

Abstract

Some basic rules must be followed when designers deal with designing process. The rules are thought as designers’ knowledge of design. It is an important basis of design. When researchers try to explain the behavior of designers or to simulate the designing process using computer programs, they bring up many different models about designs from different viewpoints. These models also have the matching organizational structures of design knowledge. These organizational structures are called “Knowledge Representation”.

As for in the field of computer simulation, F-B-S model can actually be operated can explain many real behaviors of designs. While we observe the operation of F-B-S model in depth, we can discover that the operation mainly depends on the inner design knowledge of F-B-S model. This inner knowledge is named “Design Prototype” by F-B-S model. The inner knowledge is very important in F-B-S model, but with the outer environmental factors there are only a few parameters to affect the operation of F-B-S model. In fact, the design can change with the environment, which is actually a variable factor in designing process. Therefore, we must think about adding the variable environmental factor into F-B-S model to produce a more reasonable designing process.

Both human designers and computer F-B-S model used to regard the design elements as different objects. It implies the concept of the hierarchy structure. General designers usually use such concept in their design unconsciously. So I introduce the concept of the hierarchy structure to construct computer-aided-design simulation system. The system will integrate the outer environmental factors and the inner design prototype into a knowledge representation system to make up for the insufficient portion of F-B-S model.

This research is aimed only at the organizational structure of knowledge representation. To establish a complete knowledge representation system, the issues such as “the real-time interaction between design prototypes” and “the designer’s definable ability about design prototype” must be addressed and investigated.