不同都市型態下交通運輸績效影響之研究

Abstract

都市的發展型態與運輸系統的績效存有密切的關係，不同的都市發展型態 會影響運輸系統之功能與績效。近年來，交通擁擠問題日益嚴重，解決方 法也從以往的供給面轉變為需求面的管理，也就是運輸需求管理（ Transportation Demand Manage- ment，TDM）。運輸需求管理可分成交 通及非交通手段二大部份，然而，以往的研究多偏重於交通手段方面，因 此，本研究擬採用TDM非交通手段之都市型態策略來探討不同都市型態對 交通運輸系統效率之影響。本研究首先建立一土地使用/交通運輸之線性 規劃模式，並利用線性規劃中之對偶變數，找出邊際旅行時間矩陣，以此 矩陣為搬移工作人口之依據，來模擬不同之都市型態方案。而後，再以總 旅行時間、車行總距離、道路擁擠長度比例等三個運輸評估指標，評估各 方案交通運輸系統之績效，經由其績效之評估來找出較佳的都市型態方案 。在實例研究的部分，以台北市為範圍模擬3個都市型態，加上現況，共 有4個方案：1.三個及業核心型態（現況）；2.二個及業核心型態；3.一 個及業核心型態；4.無及業核心型態。結果顯示﹕方案4之績效最好，也 就是說，當台北市之工作機會由及業核心區遷移至外圍區域，直到無及業 核心存在時，整體交通運輸之績效最佳。 The urban development patterns and the performances of transportation system are closely related. The fun- ctions and performances of transportation system are affected by the urban patterns. The approaches of solving urban traffic congestion have been recently changed from the supply side to the demand side, such as the approach of Transportation Demand Management (TDM). Generally, TDM consists of transportation and non- transportation approaches. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of different urban patterns on the perfor- mances of transportation system through non-transporta- tion approach. This thesis first develops the matrices of marginal travel time through dual variables in a land use/ transportation linear programming model, and then gene- rates different urban patterns by these matrices. To evaluate these urban patterns, three evaluation criteria such as total travel time, total travel distance, and the percentage of congested links length to total links length are used in this study. Finally, an empirical example of Taipei City is presented. It was found that appropriately moving jobs from working centers to suburbans can improve perfor- mances of transportation system.