行為驅策力,是「解除壓力」還是「追求效益」?

Abstract

本論文是以習慣領域學說及相關理論為基礎架構，進而探討影響人類行為驅策力的主要因素之研究。本研究致力於釐清人類行為驅策力，到底是因為解除壓力還是追求效益使人們採取行動，若能有效的區分且歸納出人類行為的驅策力，將更利於理解人類行為與決策的動機，亦可印證或推翻既有的人類行為與決策的動態模式理論。

所有人類行為都是自覺或不自覺的決策過程，對於每一個人生活目標的建立，所有可能產生的壓力，便是所謂的壓力結構。通常我們的注意力會被壓力結構較高的事件所佔據，並且依照最小阻力原則來採取行動解除壓力，並非採取效用最大化。

為了印證習慣領域學說，且證明人類行為的驅策力是因為解除壓力，而非追求效益。我們透過設計問卷的方式，有系統地對192位研究生進行調查，且分別針對專班生及非專班生學員之各種日常生活活動作息時間，以及生活目標的驅策力(分別是「解除壓力」與「追求效益」)的強度評量，和對生活目標的考慮認真程度進行探討。希望透過一系列的分析及研究發現，能提升自我警覺，且提高時間管理和自我管理的效能進而增加生產力。

本研究的成果將會是對此領域的一大貢獻，不僅可以是對於個人的檢視，或是學術上的研究探討，甚至是實務界的參考及應用都提供了很寬廣的發揮空間。在本研究中，也以習慣領域學說的觀點，對將來的研究方向提供新的線索。

This research examined factors that affect the human behavioral driving force. The findings support most of the hypotheses based on the theories of Habitual Domain. The results indicate that “charge” and “drive” are significant factors pertaining to the behavioral driving force of decision making. This is an important research since it examines a basic tenet of economic theory (that is, human behavioral choice is based on a drive to maximize utility), and the basic hypothesis of habitual domain theory (that is, human behavior is to minimize the charge or stress of life).

The collection of all possible charges created by various goal functions is called the charge structure. Each event or activity may be associated with a set of goal functions. Our attention will be allocated to the events or activities which have the most significant influence on our entire charge structure. We examine the forces of human behaviors are to either release charge by the least resistance principle or positively search for benefit.

Based on a model of behavioral mechanism and theory of habitual domains, we have studied the human behavioral driving force through questionnaires. In order to show the applicability of the theories of habitual domains, we systematically collected 192 samples to understand the behaviors of part-time and full-time students in Taiwan, to know how they allocated their time over a variety of events everyday, and to understand the behavioral driving forces and the correlation coefficient between charge and drive. The findings can make people aware issues of time management and to increase the productivity.

This study is a contribution because of the lack of research in this area. Not only this research valuable because it investigates the human behavioral driving force further but it also reveal some of the many areas for future research.